Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without aortic dilatation
Characteristic | Aortic Dilatation (n = 102) | Normal Aorta (n = 832) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72.3 ± 11.6 | 61.7 ± 12.7 | <  0.001 |
Female n (%) | 67 (66) | 446 (54) | 0.021 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 4.5 | 30.7 ± 4.9 | <  0.001 |
BSA (m2) | 1.70 ± 0.19 | 1.90 ± 0.19 | <  0.001 |
Height (m) | 156 ± 8 | 164 ± 9 | <  0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 66 ± 13 | 83 ± 14 | <  0.001 |
Coronary Artery disease n (%) | 29 (29) | 195 (23) | 0.265 |
Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 18 (18) | 245 (29) | 0.012 |
Dyslipidemia n (%) | 33 (32) | 272 (33) | 0.945 |
Echocardiographic parameters | |||
 Ejection fraction (%) | 57.6 ± 7.4 | 59.4 ± 5.7 | 0.005 |
 Epicardial adipose tissue (cm) | 0.48 ± 0.15 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | <  0.001 |
 Paracardial adipose tissue (cm) | 0.49 ± 0.18 | 0.49 ± 0.17 | 0.738 |
 Ascending aortic diameter (mm) | 38.5 ± 4.2 | 34.0 ± 3.6 | <  0.001 |
 LVEDD (mm) | 48.6 ± 4.6 | 47.8 ± 4.0 | 0.092 |
 Left atrium diameter (mm) | 38.2 ± 5.9 | 36.4 ± 5.7 | 0.004 |
 Right ventricular diameter (mm) | 23.1 ± 2.5 | 23.2 ± 2.9 | 0.628 |
 Left ventricular hypertrophy n (%) | 44 (44) | 280 (34) | 0.042 |
 E | 80 ± 25 | 78 ± 24 | 0.461 |
 A | 89 ± 18 | 83 ± 18 | 0.003 |
 E/A | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.057 |
 e’ | 6.9 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.9 | 0.046 |
 E/ e’ | 11.9 ± 3.3 | 11.3 ± 4.4 | 0.158 |
Mitral regurgitation |  |  | <  0.001 |
Grade-1n(%) | 25 (25) | 155 (19) | Â |
Grade-2 n (%) | 14 (14) | 50 (6) | Â |
Grade-3n(%) | 4 (4) | 9 (1) | Â |
Aortic regurgitation |  |  | <  0.001 |
Grade-1 n (%) | 30 (29) | 129 (16) | Â |
Grade-2 n (%) | 20 (20) | 47 (6) | Â |
Grade-3 n (%) | 4 (4) | 3 (0) | Â |
Tricuspid regurgitation | Â | Â | 0.007 |
Grade-1 n (%) | 42 (41) | 342 (41) | Â |
Grade-2 n (%) | 15 (15) | 68 (8) | Â |
Grade-3 n (%) | 10 (10) | 38 (5) | Â |
Aortic stenosis |  |  | <  0.001 |
Grade-1 n (%) | 9 (9) | 12 (1) | Â |
Grade-2 n (%) | 1 (1) | 5 (1) | Â |
Grade-3 n (%) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | Â |
Medications | |||
 Calcium canal bloker n (%) | 46 (45) | 401 (48) | 0.554 |
 ACE -I/ARB n (%) | 65 (64) | 553 (67) | 0.581 |
 Beta-bloker n (%) | 48 (47) | 275 (33) | 0.005 |
 Doxazosine n (%) | 2 (2) | 31 (4) | 0.362 |
 Thiazide diuretic n (%) | 46 (46) | 415 (50) | 0.450 |
 Statin n (%) | 24 (24) | 151 (18) | 0.189 |
 Acetylsalicylic acid n (%) | 23 (23) | 192 (23) | 0.905 |
Biochemical parameters | |||
 Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.7 ± 2.0 | 13.4 ± 1.7 | <  0.001 |
 WBC (/mm3) | 6.9 ± 2.0 | 7.3 ± 2.1 | 0.085 |
 Platelet (× 103/μL) | 232 ± 79 | 249 ± 74 | 0.032 |
 eGFR (ml/min) | 68.9 ± 22.0 | 78.1 ± 19.1 | <  0.001 |
 Glucose (mg/dl) | 10.9.6 ± 24.7 | 125.7 ± 53.0 | 0.003 |
 HbA1c (%) | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 0.033 |
 Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 201 ± 27 | 200 ± 29 | 0.876 |
 LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 123 ± 32 | 118 ± 30 | 0.108 |
 HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 48 ± 11 | 47 ± 10 | 0.324 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 132 (92–180) | 167 (109–209) | 0.004 |
 AST (U/L) | 19 (17–23) | 22 (18–26) | 0.002 |
 ALT (U/L) | 14 (12–19) | 18 (14–25) | <  0.001 |