Table 6 Studies reporting males with significantly higher in all cause re-admissions, death and/or hospital readmission ratios. Heart failure readmission, cardiovascular readmission and mortality/even free survival hazard ratios are also reported. Studies reported by primary author and year of publication and sorted alphabetically

Alla (2007) [49]

F:1517 LVD, 407 PEF

M: 5273 LVD, 581 PEF

F: 65 ± 12LVD, 69 ± 11PEF; M: 63 ± 11 LVD, 66 ± 9.7

a,b,c

35

Adjusted men vs. women 1.17 (1.06–1.29)

Mortality: Adjusted men vs. women 1.47 (1.33–1.63) All-Cause: Adjusted men vs. women 1.18 (1.11–1.27); Cardiovascular Readmission: Adjusted men vs. women 1.12 (1.04–1.21); When ejection fraction was reduced, 1.19 HR (1.07–1.33) but not preserved HR 0.90: 0.67–1.22

Males, All Cause and lower survival

Blackledge (2003) [31]

F:2913 (50); M:2876 (50)

41–107

b, c

n.r

0.92 (0.85–0.98)

Mortality: 0.88 (0.82–0.96)

Males, Death and/or Hospital readmission and lower survival

Goncalves (2008) [39]

F(54.3); preserved LVSF F(72.9),M(26 (27.1); depressed LVSF F (45), M (113, 54.3)

72.7 (1.6); preserved LVSF 73.3 ± 11.2 vs. depressed LVSF 70.7 ± 12.7, p = 0.13

b, c

6

M preserved LVSF 2.04 (1.08–3.84);

M Depressed LVSF 0.64 (0.42–0.96)

Males with preserved and depressed LVSF, Death and/or hospital readmission

Howlett (2009) [28]

F:364(37), M:620 (63)

68 ± 13

b,c

12

1.21 (1.06–1.37)

Males, death and/or hospital readmission

Islam (2013) [58]

F:313 (49.7), M:317 (50.3)

65–74:22.4

75–84:47.6

85+:30.0

b, c

n.r.

All Cause Readmission: 1.22 (1.03–1.46)

Males, All Cause

Ieva (2015) [50]

F:8114 (53.04), M:7184 (46.96)

F:79.6(11.4), M:71.5 (12.88)

a, b

n.r.

n.r.

Males

Madigan (2012) [29]

F:45429 (61)

c

1

All Cause Readmission: 1.079 (1.047, 1.112)

Males, All Cause

Nieminen (2008) [53]

3580, F: 1384 (29); M:2916(61)

F: 73.1 ± 12.0, p < 0.001; M: 67.8 ± 12.4

a,b,c

3,12

Mortality: 1.04 (0.79–1.37); All-Cause Readmission: Age-adjusted, 0.84 (0.74–0.96); Event-free survival: Death, myocardial infarction or stroke, 10.1: 9.7; 0.95 (0.76–1.20)

Males, All Cause

Ogah (2014) [40]

F: 124(47), M 138 (53); rehospitalized m 21 (65.6); not hospitalized m 117 (50.9)

Readmitted 61.7 ± 14.0 vs non readmitted 56.1 ± 15.4, p = 0.026

b, c

1, 6

All-Cause Readmission: F: 11(8.9%); M: 21(15.2%); OR 0.54 (0.25–1.18); Adjusted for women 0.33(0.14–0.79)

Males, All Cause

Omersa (2016) [27]

F: 21711 (59); M: 15113(41)

F: 65–74:19%, 75–84:48%, 85+:33%; M:65–74:36,75–84:48%;85+:16%

c

n.r.

Mortality:

65–74: 0.808 (0.745–0.875)

75–84: 0.848 (0.807–0.891)

85+: 0.840 (0.785–0.898); All Cause Readmission:

65–74:0.872 (0.814–0.934)

75–84:0.869

(0.825–0.915)

85+:0.855 (0.784–0.931)

Males, and lower survival

Robertson (2012) [30]

F:14557 (50); M: 14604 (50)

b,c

n.r.

All-Cause Readmission: 0.93 (0.89–0.96)

Males, All Cause

Sato (2015) [43]

F: 122; M: 476 (79.6)

b,c

26

Cardiovascular Readmission: Multivariable male 1.851 HR (1.237–2.771)

Males, Cardiovascular