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Table 3 Objectives, study population and setting, definition of heart failure as reported in studies reporting higher re-admission rates or composite outcome in women. Studies are listed in alphabetical order by primary author

From: Readmission rates following heart failure: a scoping review of sex and gender based considerations

Primary Author (year)

Objectives

Study Population (interventions)

Study Setting (geographical location, recruitment period)

Study Design

Study Endpoints

Arora (2017) [26]

To evaluate specific etiologies, trends and predictors of 30-day readmission in patients admitted with HF from one of the largest nationwide databases

Patients with heart failure. Besides Medicare, also included Medicaid, private/health maintenance organization and self-pay patients.

2013; all-payer inpatient database in US

Retrospective cohort design

30-day readmissions; with and without HF

Gevaert (2014) [47]

To compare the incidence and treatment of atrial fibrillation on admission between men and women admitted with acute heart failure

Patients included in the prospective BIO-HF registry (evaluate all patients admitted with the New York Heart Association class 3–4)

2 Belgian hospitals, Nov 2006 to May 2012; Patients included in the prospective BIO-HF registry (evaluates all patients admitted with the New York Heart Association class 3–4)

Prospective design

One-year all-cause mortality or readmission for HF. Secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality and restoration of sinus rhythm at discharge

Howie-Esquivel (2007) [42]

To determine whether demographic, clinical, or psychological variables conferred increased risk of rehospitalization in a multiethnic, hospitalized heart failure population 90 days after hospitalization for heart failure

Patients with HF, English or Korean

Large academic medical center in Northern California, data collected from July 2004 to April 2005

Prospective cohort study

Quality of life, mean discharge brain natriuretic peptide; 6MWT distance, rehospitalizations

Jimenez-Navarro (2010) [38]

To determine the influence of gender on the diagnostic and therapeutic management and long-term prognosis of patients with heart failure seen in specific heart failure clinics

Patients with chronic heart failure. 21% patients were from community hospitals and 79% from the general hospitals.

62 Centers incl. 14 (22%) community hospitals and 48 (78%) general hospitals; 10 (16%) of the participating hospitals have a heart transplantation program.

8 (13% of the total) depend on an internal medicine service. Heart failure units or clinics (Spain, 2000 to 2003)

Retrospective observational multicenter study

Mortality, admissions for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, valvular surgery, or heart transplant

Macdonald (2008) [25]

To assess the association of diabetes with short and long-term outcomes in all patients hospitalized for the first time with heart failure in Scotland

Individuals discharged from hospital with a diagnosis or heart failure according to history of diabetes and sex

Hospitals (Scotland, 1986 to 2003)

Retrospective cohort study

Combined end point of death or HF readmission, also separately reported per males and females

Vader (2016) [46]

Characterized the risk factors for post discharge readmission/death in subjects treated for acute heart failure

Patients hospitalized with acute heart failure

From 3 different trials

Post hoc retrospective analysis

Rehospitalization or death after discharge from the index hospitalization analyzed in a continuous fashion or in the intervals of 0–30 days or 31–60 days