Clinical/ physical features | Total sample n = 3779 | No DM and normal ABI Group n = 1724 | No DM and abnormal ABI Group n = 112 | DM and normal ABI Group n = 1659 | DM and abnormal ABI Group n = 284 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) n = 3779 | 55.32 ± 7.66 | 52.81 ± 6.63 | 55.13 ± 7.79 | 57.12 ± 7.71 | 60.14 ± 7.96 | < 0.001 |
Gender, Female, n (%) | 2187 (57.9) | 1007 (58.4) | 64 (57.1) | 959 (57.8) | 157 (55.3) | 0.80 |
BMI (mean ± SD) n = 3774 | 30.05 ± 5.74 | 28.21 ± 4.65 | 27.69 ± 5.83 | 31.85 ± 6.01 | 31.68 ± 6.19 | < 0.001 |
Education, n (%) n = 3493 | < 0.001 | |||||
Less than HS | 1610 (42.9) | 607 (35.3) | 40 (35.7) | 817 (49.8) | 146 (52) | Â |
HS or equivalent | 809 (21.6) | 397 (23.1) | 24 (21.4) | 338 (20.6) | 50 (17.8) | Â |
> HS or equivalent | 1335 (35.6) | 715 (41.6) | 48 (42.9) | 487 (29.7) | 85 (30.2) |  |
Income, n (%) n = 3442 | 0 < .001 | |||||
< $10,000 | 610 (17.7) | 244 (15.2) | 24 (24.5) | 275 (18.4) | 67 (27.2) |  |
$10,001-20,000 | 1154 (33.5) | 513 (32.0) | 30 (30.6) | 529 (35.4) | 82 (33.3) | Â |
$20,001-40,000 | 1124 (32.7) | 549 (34.2) | 36 (36.7) | 479 (32.0) | 60 (24.4) | Â |
$40,001-75,000 | 402 (11.7) | 213 (13.3) | 5 (5.1) | 155 (10.4) | 29 (11.8) | Â |
> $75,000 | 152 (4.4) | 84 (5.2) | 3 (3.1) | 57 (3.8) | 8 (3.3) |  |
Alcohol use, n (%) n = 3498 | < 0.001 | |||||
Never | 781 (20.8) | 320 (18.6) | 25 (22.3) | 366 (22.2) | 70 (24.9) | Â |
Former | 1402 (37.3) | 537 (33.3) | 36 (32.1) | 677 (41.1) | 116 (41.3) | Â |
Current | 1576 (41.9) | 827 (48.1) | 51 (45.5) | 603 (36.6) | 95 (33.8) | Â |
Cigarette use, n (%) n = 3494 | < 0.001 | |||||
Never | 2071 (55.2) | 935 (54.4) | 51 (45.9) | 944 (57.4) | 141 (50.2) | Â |
Former | 975 (26) | 408 (23.7) | 26 (23.4) | 458 (27.9) | 83 (29.5) | Â |
Current | 708 (18.9) | 375 (21.8) | 34 (30.6) | 242 (14.7) | 57 (20.3) | Â |
Hypertension, n (%) n = 3516 | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 1624 (43.0) | 403 (23.4) | 45 (40.2) | 974 (58.7) | 202 (71.1) | Â |
Stroke, n (%) n = 3499 | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 146 (3.9) | 42 (2.4) | 4 (3.6) | 78 (4.7) | 22 (7.9) | Â |
Statin use, n (%) n = 3437 |  | |||||
Yes (%) | 809 (21.9) | 122 (7.3) | 11 (10.1) | 567 (34.8) | 109 (39.5) | < 0.001 |
 apnea-hypopnea index n = 3340 | 8.46 ± 13.38 | 5.42 ± 9.66 | 7.11 ± 11.63 | 10.99 ± 15.16 | 12.81 ± 17.80 | < 0.001 |