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Table 1 Physical and demographic characteristics of all enrolled subjects

From: Associations between ankle-brachial index, diabetes, and sleep apnea in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) database

Clinical/ physical features

Total sample

n = 3779

No DM and normal ABI Group

n = 1724

No DM and abnormal ABI Group

n = 112

DM and normal ABI Group

n = 1659

DM and abnormal ABI Group

n = 284

p-value

Age, years (mean ± SD)

n = 3779

55.32 ± 7.66

52.81 ± 6.63

55.13 ± 7.79

57.12 ± 7.71

60.14 ± 7.96

< 0.001

Gender, Female,

n (%)

2187 (57.9)

1007 (58.4)

64 (57.1)

959 (57.8)

157 (55.3)

0.80

BMI (mean ± SD)

n = 3774

30.05 ± 5.74

28.21 ± 4.65

27.69 ± 5.83

31.85 ± 6.01

31.68 ± 6.19

< 0.001

Education, n (%)

n = 3493

< 0.001

Less than HS

1610 (42.9)

607 (35.3)

40 (35.7)

817 (49.8)

146 (52)

 

HS or equivalent

809 (21.6)

397 (23.1)

24 (21.4)

338 (20.6)

50 (17.8)

 

> HS or equivalent

1335 (35.6)

715 (41.6)

48 (42.9)

487 (29.7)

85 (30.2)

 

Income, n (%)

n = 3442

0 < .001

< $10,000

610 (17.7)

244 (15.2)

24 (24.5)

275 (18.4)

67 (27.2)

 

$10,001-20,000

1154 (33.5)

513 (32.0)

30 (30.6)

529 (35.4)

82 (33.3)

 

$20,001-40,000

1124 (32.7)

549 (34.2)

36 (36.7)

479 (32.0)

60 (24.4)

 

$40,001-75,000

402 (11.7)

213 (13.3)

5 (5.1)

155 (10.4)

29 (11.8)

 

> $75,000

152 (4.4)

84 (5.2)

3 (3.1)

57 (3.8)

8 (3.3)

 

Alcohol use, n (%)

n = 3498

< 0.001

Never

781 (20.8)

320 (18.6)

25 (22.3)

366 (22.2)

70 (24.9)

 

Former

1402 (37.3)

537 (33.3)

36 (32.1)

677 (41.1)

116 (41.3)

 

Current

1576 (41.9)

827 (48.1)

51 (45.5)

603 (36.6)

95 (33.8)

 

Cigarette use, n (%)

n = 3494

< 0.001

Never

2071 (55.2)

935 (54.4)

51 (45.9)

944 (57.4)

141 (50.2)

 

Former

975 (26)

408 (23.7)

26 (23.4)

458 (27.9)

83 (29.5)

 

Current

708 (18.9)

375 (21.8)

34 (30.6)

242 (14.7)

57 (20.3)

 

Hypertension, n (%)

n = 3516

< 0.001

Yes

1624 (43.0)

403 (23.4)

45 (40.2)

974 (58.7)

202 (71.1)

 

Stroke, n (%)

n = 3499

< 0.001

Yes

146 (3.9)

42 (2.4)

4 (3.6)

78 (4.7)

22 (7.9)

 

Statin use, n (%)

n = 3437

 

Yes (%)

809 (21.9)

122 (7.3)

11 (10.1)

567 (34.8)

109 (39.5)

< 0.001

 apnea-hypopnea index n = 3340

8.46 ± 13.38

5.42 ± 9.66

7.11 ± 11.63

10.99 ± 15.16

12.81 ± 17.80

< 0.001

  1. Values are presented as means ± SD or n (%). A Pearson chi-square test or one-way analysis of variance were used to determine p-values between all groups
  2. Abbreviations: DM diabetes, ABI ankle brachial index, BMI body mass index, HS high school, $ United States dollar