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Fig. 2 | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Fig. 2

From: Apolipoprotein M and sphingosine-1-phosphate complex alleviates TNF-α-induced endothelial cell injury and inflammation through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Fig. 2

ApoM-S1P dramatically reduces TNF-α induced cell adhesion and pyroptosis

Notes: After TNF-α stimulated HUVECs were treated with ApoM-S1P, the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to HUVECs were counted under a fluorescence microscopy (200 ×) (a); The impact of ApoM-S1P on expressions of adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 were determined by qRT-PCR (b), Western blot (c) and ELISA (d); the expressions of pyroptosis and inflammatory related cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, ASC, NLRP3, IL-6, and IL-10 were verified after cells were subjected to ApoM-S1P treatment by qRT-PCR (e), Western blot (f) and ELISA (g); Immunofluorescence was used to assay caspase-1 expression (h), and ROS level evaluated by DCF-DA kit (i); Data were presented as mean ± SD, **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001 compared to the TNF-α + ApoM group; ##P < 0.01 ###P < 0.001 compared to TNF-α + S1P group; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells

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