Table 1 Characteristics of patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF at study entry
Characteristics | PaAF (n = 4642) | PeAF (n = 3887) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (y, mean ± SD)a | 66.8 ± 12.12 | 69.1 ± 11.23 | 0.000 |
Age group | |||
 65–74 years, n (%)a | 1294 (49.83%) | 1078 (44.20%) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 75 years, n (%) | 1303 (50.17%) | 1361 (55.80%) |  |
Gender, female, n(%) | 2007 (43.24%) | 1542 (39.67%) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 25.1 ± 3.69 | 25.4 ± 3.69 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg, mean ± SD) | 129.2 ± 17.17 | 128.6 ± 17.76 | 0.114 |
DBP (mmHg, mean ± SD) | 76.9 ± 10.67 | 78.4 ± 11.38 | 0.000 |
LA diameter (mm, mean ± SD) | 39.1 ± 6.72 | 44.9 ± 7.09 | 0.000 |
Duration of AF history (y, mean ± SD) | 4.6 ± 6.19 | 6.8 ± 7.40 | 0.000 |
Ccr (ml/min, mean ± SD) | 78.0 ± 33.13 | 74.3 ± 33.65 | < 0.001 |
CHADS 2 score (mean ± SD) | 1.7 ± 1.37 | 2.1 ± 1.46 | 0.000 |
CHADS 2 score n(%) | |||
 0 | 909 (19.58%) | 503 (12.94%) | < 0.001 |
 1 | 1514 (32.62%) | 1017 (26.16%) | |
 ≥ 2 | 2219 (47.80%) | 2367 (60.90%) | |
CHA2DS2-VASC score (mean ± SD) | 2.9 ± 1.89 | 3.3 ± 1.96 | 0.000 |
CHA2DS2-VASC score n(%) | |||
 0 | 447 (9.63%) | 255 (6.56%) | < 0.001 |
 1 | 764 (16.46%) | 515 (13.25%) | |
 ≥ 2 | 3431 (73.91%) | 3117 (80.19%) | |
LVEF(%, mean ± SD) | 63.0 ± 9.31 | 58.9 ± 11.29 | 0.000 |
Comorbidities n(%) | |||
 Hypertension | 3156 (68.11%) | 2729 (70.35%) | 0.025 |
 Congestive heart failure | 296 (6.38%) | 783 (20.16%) | < 0.001 |
  LVEF | |||
   ≥ 40% | 2993 (97.27%) | 2552 (92.67%) | < 0.001 |
   0–40% | 84 (2.73%) | 202 (7.33%) | |
 Diabetes | 1137 (24.49%) | 1071 (27.55%) | 0.001 |
 Prior stroke/TIA/PT | 819 (17.64%) | 885 (22.78%) | < 0.001 |
 Prior myocardial infarction | 262 (5.65%) | 259 (6.67%) | 0.049 |
 Other coronary artery diseases | 815 (17.57%) | 647 (16.66%) | 0.269 |
 Peripheral artery diseases | 34 (1.75%) | 44 (3.18%) | 0.007 |
Thyroid diseases | 153 (7.75%) | 100 (7.06%) | 0.452 |
Baseline medication n(%) | |||
 Aspirin | 2220 (47.96%) | 1662 (42.86%) | < 0.001 |
 Warfarin/NOAC | 1363 (29.36%) | 1808 (46.51%) | < 0.001 |
 β-blockers | 2493 (53.71%) | 2291 (58.94%) | < 0.001 |
 Digoxin | 387 (8.34%) | 1374 (16.11%) | < 0.001 |
 Amiodarone | 502 (10.81%) | 130 (3.34%) | < 0.001 |
 Statins | 1754 (37.89%) | 1551 (39.98%) | 0.049 |
ACEI/ARBs | 1705 (36.73%) | 1755 (45.15%) | < 0.001 |