Table 3 Bivariate and multivariate Cox-regression analysis of the primary endpoint
Bivariate model before step-wise removal | Multivariate model after step-wise removal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
Controls without CAC | 1.0 (ref) | – | 1.0 (ref) | – |
Other CACs | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 0.003 | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 0.19 |
Bilateral vessel-outlining CACs | 3.6 (2.2–6.0) | < 0.001 | 2.2 (1.1–4.5) | 0.02 |
Age (10-year increase) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 0.048 | – | – |
Male sex | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.46 | – | – |
Previous myocardial infarction | 3.0 (1.8–5.0) | < 0.001 | 2.6 (1.4–4.7) | 0.002 |
Current heart failure | 3.0 (1.5–6.3) | 0.003 | – | – |
Current angina pectoris | 1.7 (1.0–2.7) | 0.044 | – | – |
Current symptomatic claudication | 3.1 (1.1–8.5) | 0.03 | 3.2 (1.1–9.1) | 0.03 |
Revascularization | 2.6 (1.5–4.3) | < 0.001 | – | – |
Any vascular event* | 3.4 (2.2–5.2) | < 0.001 | – | – |
Current smoking | 2.0 (1.2–3.3) | 0.005 | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | 0.01 |
Diabetes | 1.9 (1.2–3.1) | 0.009 | – | – |
Atrial fibrillation | 1.5 (0.7–3.5) | 0.31 | – | – |
Valvular heart disease | 2.6 (1.5–4.7) | < 0.001 | 2.3 (1.3–4.0) | 0.006 |
Hypertension | 2.1 (1.1–4.0) | 0.03 | – | – |
Hyperlipidemia | 1.9 (0.8–4.7) | 0.16 | – | – |
Any risk factor* | 4.7 (1.2–19.2) | 0.03 | – | – |