Table 1 Baseline comparisons. All differences between groups were analyzed with 2-sided χ2 test except for age, which was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test
Missing data | Controls without CAC (n = 121) | Other CACs (n = 92) | Bilateral vessel-outlining CACs (n = 25) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR) | 0 | 67 (63–70) | 66 (63–71) | 70 (68–73) | 0.011 |
Men, n (%) | 0 | 64 (53) | 51 (55) | 12 (48) | 0.80 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 1 | 7 (6) | 15 (16) | 8 (32) | 0.001 |
Current heart failure, n (%) | 1 | 2 (2) | 8 (9) | 2 (8) | 0.052 |
Current angina pectoris, n (%) | 1 | 14 (12) | 23 (25) | 9 (36) | 0.004 |
Current symptomatic claudication, n (%) | 1 | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 1 (4) | 0.87 |
Revascularization, n (%) | 1 | 8 (7) | 18 (20) | 6 (24) | 0.006 |
Any vascular event, n (%) | 1 | 20 (17) | 36 (40) | 13 (52) | < 0.001 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 1 | 11 (9) | 23 (25) | 5 (20) | 0.007 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 1 | 12 (10) | 27 (30) | 5 (20) | 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 11 | 6 (5) | 5 (6) | 1 (4) | 1.0 |
Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 12 | 7 (6) | 10 (11) | 5 (21) | 0.07 |
Hypertension*, n (%) | 16 | 79 (71) | 73 (85) | 22 (92) | 0.013 |
Hyperlipidemia†, n (%) | 46 | 80 (88) | 68 (87) | 23 (100) | 0.21 |
Any risk factor, n (%) | 1 | 105 (87) | 87 (96) | 24 (96) | 0.049 |
Easily improved by medical prevention‡, n (%) | 0 | 102 (84) | 68 (74) | 14 (56) | 0.006 |