Fig. 5
Functional remodelling of the left atrium. Echocardiographic evaluation of atrial size and function. Top panel illustrates the left atrial active fractional area changes (LA-Facactive) in the AF group (left) and in the control group (right) before pacemaker implantation (before), at baseline (day 0) and on each procedure day (day 3, 9, 27, and 55). Bottom panel illustrates the left atrial area at mitral valve closure (LAAmin). Asterisk indicate significant differences from baseline (*, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001). All echocardiographic examinations were obtained in SR after cardioversion with flecainide (AF group). Data are presented as mean ± SD