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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, stratified according to diagnosis of atrial fibrillation

From: Predicting stroke and death in patients with heart failure using CHA2DS2-VASc score in Asia

Characteristics

No. (%) of patients

P-value

Overall (n = 5158)

With AF (n = 2091)

Without AF (n = 3067)

Female

2416 (46.8)

1025 (49.0)

1391 (45.4)

0.010

Age, mean (SD), years

68.4 (14.7)

70.7 (12.6)

66.8 (15.7)

< 0.001

Age group, years

   

< 0.001

  < 40

271 (5.3)

46 (2.2)

225 (7.3)

 

 40–49

341 (6.6)

99 (4.7)

242 (7.9)

 

 50–59

638 (12.4)

236 (11.3)

402 (13.1)

 

 60–69

1003 (19.4)

399 (19.1)

604 (19.7)

 

 70–79

1744 (33.8)

799 (38.2)

945 (30.8)

 

  ≥ 80

1161 (22.5)

512 (24.5)

649 (21.2)

 

Height, mean (SD), cm

159.2 (17.0)

158.7 (18.7)

159.5 (15.8)

0.104

Weight, mean (SD), kg

60.1 (13.7)

60.0 (13.8)

60.2 (13.7)

0.536

BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2

23.1 (4.4)

23.1 (4.5)

23.2 (4.4)

0.759

HF subtypes (n = 4968)

   

< 0.001

 HFpEF (EF ≥ 50%)

1260 (25.4)

656 (32.6)

604 (20.4)

 

 HFmrEF(40% ≤ EF < 50%)

799 (16.1)

359 (17.9)

440 (14.9)

 

 HFrEF (EF < 40%)

2909 (58.6)

995 (49.5)

1914 (64.7)

 

Comorbidity at baseline

 Hypertension

3228 (62.6)

1302 (62.3)

1926 (62.8)

0.699

 Diabetes mellitus

2082 (40.4)

719 (34.4)

1363 (44.4)

< 0.001

 Previous stroke

789 (15.3)

410 (19.6)

379 (12.4)

< 0.001

 Previous chronic renal failure

732 (14.2)

259 (12.4)

473 (15.4)

0.002

 IHD

2237 (43.4)

627 (30.0)

1610 (52.5)

< 0.001

 VHD

991 (19.2)

608 (29.1)

383 (12.5)

< 0.001

 Cardiomyopathy

1409 (27.3)

509 (24.3)

900 (29.3)

< 0.001

 COPD

562 (10.9)

251 (12.0)

311 (10.1)

0.034

Medications before discharge

 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

1980 (38.4)

714 (34.1)

1266 (41.3)

< 0.001

 Angiotensin receptor blockers

2372 (46.0)

926 (44.3)

1446 (47.1)

0.043

 Βeta-blockers

3012 (58.4)

1182 (56.5)

1830 (59.7)

0.025

 Aldosterone antagonist

2888 (56.0)

1235 (59.1)

1653 (53.9)

0.001

 Loop diuretics

4721 (91.5)

1965 (94.0)

2756 (89.9)

< 0.001

 Digoxin

1708 (33.1)

1141 (54.6)

567 (18.5)

< 0.001

 Warfarin

1669 (32.4)

1268 (60.6)

401 (13.1)

< 0.001

 Aspirin

3362 (65.2)

1194 (57.1)

2168 (70.7)

< 0.001

 Statin

2432 (47.2)

779 (37.3)

1653 (53.9)

< 0.001

Smoking

   

< 0.001

 Current smoker

951 (18.4)

277 (13.2)

674 (22.0)

 

 Ex-smoker

1057 (20.5)

444 (21.2)

613 (20.0)

 

 Never smoker

3150 (61.1)

1370 (65.5)

1780 (58.0)

 

Alcohol intake

   

0.288

 Heavy alcoholic

356 (6.9)

153 (7.3)

203 (6.6)

 

 Social drinker

1623 (31.5)

635 (30.4)

988 (32.2)

 

 Never drinker

3179 (61.6)

1303 (62.3)

1876 (61.2)

 
  1. Data are reported as n (%)
  2. Abbreviations: AF atrial fibrillation, BMI body mass index, HF heart failure, EF ejection fraction, HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFmrEF heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, IHD ischemic heart disease, VHD valvular heart disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease