Table 1 Patient Characteristics by Principal vs Secondary Diagnosis (N = 1500)
|  | Total N = 1500 | Principal HF Hospitalization N = 407 | Secondary HF Hospitalization N = 1093 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age, Mean ± SD | 71.9 ± 13.6 | 71.8 ± 13.6 | 71.9 ± 13.6 | 0.88 |
 Female, n (%) | 443 (29.5%) | 110 (27.0%) | 333 (30.5%) | 0.19 |
 Black | 227 (15.1%) | 87 (21.4%) | 140 (12.8%) | <0.0001 |
 Hispanic | 97 (6.5%) | 30 (7.4%) | 67 (6.1%) | 0.38 |
Comorbid conditions | ||||
 Hypertension | 1151 (76.7%) | 331 (81.3%) | 820 (75.0%) | 0.01 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 792 (52.8%) | 211 (51.8%) | 581 (53.2%) | 0.65 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 617 (41.1%) | 194 (47.7%) | 423 (38.7%) | 0.002 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 511 (34.1%) | 164 (40.3%) | 347 (31.8%) | 0.002 |
 Malignancy | 325 (21.7%) | 95 (23.3%) | 230 (21.4%) | 0.34 |
 COPD | 244 (16.3%) | 81 (19.9%) | 163 (14.9%) | 0.02 |
 Myocardial infarction | 241 (16.1%) | 41 (10.1%) | 200 (18.3%) | 0.0001 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 204 (13.6%) | 57 (14.0%) | 147 (13.5%) | 0.78 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 170 (11.3%) | 32 (7.9%) | 138 (12.6%) | 0.01 |
 Dementia | 141 (9.4%) | 47 (11.6%) | 94 (8.6%) | 0.08 |
 Cirrhosis | 27 (1.8%) | 7 (1.7%) | 20 (1.8%) | 0.89 |
LVEF %, Mean ± SD | 26.4 ± 7.2 | 24.4 ± 7.5 | 27.2 ± 7.0 | <0.0001 |
Admission Blood Pressure, Labs, & Home Medications | ||||
 SBP, Mean ± SD, mm Hg | 130.7 ± 23.8 | 134.3 ± 25.7 | 129.4 ± 22.9 | 0.001 |
 Sodium, Mean ± SD, mEq/L | 137.4 ± 4.4 | 137.7 ± 4.4 | 137.4 ± 4.5 | 0.21 |
 Potassium, Mean ± SD, mEq/L | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 0.86 |
 Creatinine, Mean ± SD, mg/dL | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.11 |
 eGFR, Mean ± SD, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 63.6 ± 24.9 | 61.4 ± 22.0 | 64.4 ± 25.9 | 0.03 |
 ACE-inhibitor or ARB | 882 (58.8%) | 237 (58.2%) | 635 (58.1%) | 0.36 |
 Beta-blocker | 1095 (73.0%) | 299 (73.5%) | 796 (72.8%) | 0.80 |
 Loop diuretic | 864 (57.6%) | 275 (67.6%) | 589 (53.9%) | <0.0001 |
Discharge Labs & Medications | ||||
 Creatinine, Mean ± SD, mg/dL | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
 eGFR, Mean ± SD, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 65.4 ± 24.0 | 61.4 ± 22.0 | 64.4 ± 25.9 | <0.0001 |
 Potassium, Mean ± SD, mEq/L | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.01 |
 ACE-inhibitor or ARB | 975 (65.0%) | 287 (70.5%) | 688 (63.0%) | 0.006 |
 Beta-blocker | 1184 (78.9%) | 323 (79.4%) | 861 (78.8%) | 0.80 |
 Loop diuretic | 1022 (68.1%) | 339 (83.3%) | 683 (62.5%) | <0.0001 |
Primary Service* | ||||
 Cardiology | 668 (44.5%) | 284 (69.8%) | 384 (35.1%) | <0.0001 |
 Medicine | 411 (27.4%) | 85 (20.9%) | 326 (29.8%) | 0.0006 |
 Other | 395 (26.3%) | 28 (6.9%) | 367 (33.6%) | <0.0001 |