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Table 2 Uni- and multivariate Cox regression anaysis. Follow-up time is 10 years from CRT implantation

From: Atrial fibrillation incidence and impact of biventricular pacing on long-term outcome in patients with heart failure treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy

Variable

Univariate cox regression analysis, risk of death from any cause or heart transplantation

Multivariate cox regression analysis, risk of death from any cause or heart transplantation

HR

95%CI

p-value

Adjusted* HR

95%CI

p-value

At CRT implantation

 Age

1.03

1.02–1.05

< 0.001

1.02

1.001–1.03

0.03

 Pre-procedural AF vs. No AF (ref)

1.66

1.28–2.16

< 0.001

1.34

0.99–1.80

0.055

 Male vs. Female (ref) gender

0.92

0.64–1.32

0.63

   

 Ischaemic etiology of HF

1.70

1.30.2.21

< 0.001

1.49

1.10–2.02

0.009

 NYHA Class III/IV vs. I/II (ref)

1.90

1.08–3.33

0.03

1.87

1.07–3.29

0.03

 QRS Duration (ms)

1.00

1.00–1.01

0.68

   

 LV ejection fraction (%)

0.97

0.95–0.99

0.006

0.98

0.96–0.998

0.003

 LBBB vs. Non-LBBB (ref)

0.74

0.58–0.96

0.02

0.90

0.67–1.20

0.453

 CRT-D vs. CRT-P (ref)

0.83

0.62–1.11

0.21

   
  1. * adjusted for age, pre-procedural AF, NYHA Class I/II compared to III/IV, LVEF, LBBB and ischemic etiology of HF at CRT implantation
  2. Significant p-values, < 0,05, in bold