Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Included Studies
Study | Country | Treatment | Sample Size (n) | Age (years) | Males (%) | CHADS2 –VASc score | History of stroke/TIA (%) | Hypertension (%) | Renal dysfunction (%) | Heart failure (%) | Diabetes (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ho 2012 [17] | Hong Kong | Dabigatran | 122 | 70.00 | 55.7 | 2.48 | 43.4 | 69.7 | 9 | 25.4 | 28.7 |
Warfarin | 122 | 70.01 | 52.5 | 2.32 | 32.0 | 63.1 | 13 | 31.1 | 34.4 | ||
Yap 2016 [18] | Malaysia | Dabigatran | 500 | 65.3 | 62 | 2.69 | NR | 68.4 | NR | 6.2 | 31.4 |
Warfarin | 500 | 66.8 | 61.2 | 3.40 | NR | 75.6 | NR | 25.6 | 43.2 | ||
Chan 2016 [19] | Taiwan | Dabigatran | 9940 | 75 | 58 | 4.13 | 33 | 87 | 23% | 16 | 41 |
Warfarin | 9913 | 76 | 58 | 4.16 | 33 | 87 | 23% | 16 | 41 | ||
Chan 2016 [20] | Taiwan | Rivaroxaban | 3916 | 76 | 46 | 4.12 | 29 | 87 | 22% | 16 | 41 |
Dabigatran | 5921 | 75 | 58 | 4.08 | 32 | 86 | 22% | 16 | 41 | ||
Warfarin | 5251 | 71 | 56 | 3.32 | 20 | 75 | 21% | 16 | 36 | ||
Cha 2017 [21] | Korea | Rivaroxaban | 5681 | 70.5 | 52.7 | 3.60 | NR | 75.7 | NR | 44.3 | 23.8 |
Dabigatran | 3741 | 69.3 | 58.0 | 3.57 | NR | 76.8 | NR | 45.0 | 26.5 | ||
Apixaban | 2189 | 70.3 | 54.4 | 3.51 | NR | 76.9 | NR | 43.0 | 23.6 | ||
Warfarin | 23222 | 68.82 | 56.9 | 3.57 | NR | 76.9 | NR | 51.3 | 26.1 | ||
Naganuma 2017 [22] | Japan | Dabigatran | 181 | 69 | 72 | 3.0 | 29 | 61 | NR | 18 | 29 |
Warfarin | 181 | 69 | 72 | 3.1 | 31 | 64 | NR | 15 | 29 | ||
Lai 2017 [23] | Taiwan | Rivaroxaban | 4600 | 75.4 | 54.8 | 3.3 | 19.5 | 49.7 | NR | NR | 20.2 |
Dabigatran | 4600 | 75.4 | 54.6 | 3.3 | 19.1 | 49.4 | NR | NR | 20.4 | ||
Kohsaka 2017 [24] | Japan | Rivaroxaban | 6726 | 75.8 | 62.0 | 3.3 | 22.3 | 53.8 | 4.4 | 35.3 | 28.9 |
Dabigatran | 5090 | 73.1 | 65.9 | 3.0 | 19.9 | 50.9 | 2.5 | 28.9 | 27.6 | ||
Apixaban | 5977 | 77.4 | 59.4 | 3.5 | 22.4 | 54.0 | 7.3 | 38.7 | 27.9 | ||
Warfarin | 14037 | 77.6 | 60.1 | 3.6 | 22.3 | 55.9 | 13.3 | 43.1 | 29.6 | ||
Hsu 2017 [25] | Taiwan | Rivaroxaban | 300 | 75.2 | 44.7 | NR | 35.7 | 92.3 | 43.3 | 41.3 | 100 |
Dabigatran | 305 | 75.1 | 56.4 | NR | 33.8 | 91.8 | 38.4 | 40.3 | 100 | ||
Warfarin | 1899 | 70.0 | 50.9 | NR | 35.5 | 87.2 | 38.5 | 46.5 | 100 | ||
Deitelzweig 2017 [26] | Japan | Rivaroxaban | 11082 | 77.2 | 52.5 | 4.4 | 11.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Dabigatran | 2474 | 76.8 | 55.1 | 4.3 | 10.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
Apixaban | 8250 | 78.0 | 51.5 | 4.6 | 11.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
Warfarin | 14051 | 78.2 | 55.2 | 4.7 | 15.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
Lee 2018 [27] | Taiwan | Rivaroxaban | 732 | 74.68 | 61.34 | 3.9 | 19.95 | 85.93 | 36.07 | 20.22 | 46.86 |
Dabigatran | 535 | 73.57 | 65.98 | 3.82 | 21.5 | 86.54 | 29.91 | 21.50 | 46.36 | ||
Apixaban | 171 | 75.36 | 55.56 | 3.98 | 20.47 | 87.72 | 41.52 | 18.71 | 43.86 | ||
Warfarin | 946 | 72.41 | 63.70 | 3.66 | 18.24 | 83.52 | 83.52 | 22.29 | 44.89 | ||
Huang 2018 [28] | Taiwan | Rivaroxaban | 9637 | 75.20 | 54.56 | 4.02 | 26.25 | 73.74 | 11.72 | 35.35 | 31.00 |
Warfarin | 9637 | 74.98 | 54.70 | 4.11 | 26.97 | 74.02 | 11.97 | 36.77 | 31.79 | ||
Chan 2018 [29] | Taiwan | Rivaroxaban | 27777 | 75 | 55 | 3.83 | 20 | 86 | 24% | 13 | 39 |
Dabigatran | 20079 | 75 | 60 | 3.74 | 24 | 84 | 20% | 11 | 38 | ||
Apixaban | 5843 | 76 | 55 | 3.89 | 20 | 87 | 29% | 13 | 41 | ||
Warfarin | 19375 | 71 | 58 | 3.26 | 15 | 78 | 24% | 14 | 36 | ||
Jeong 2019 [30] | Korea | Rivaroxaban | 804 | 71.4 | 63.3 | 3.3 | 29.2 | 53.5 | NR | 5.7 | 24.1 |
Warfarin | 804 | 70.4 | 60.4 | 3.4 | 29.2 | 54.7 | NR | 5.1 | 22.3 | ||
Koretsune 2019 [31] | Japan | Dabigatran | 4606 | 74 | 66 | 3.3 | 13 | NR | NR | 35 | 29 |
Warfarin | 4606 | 73 | 66 | 3.3 | 13 | NR | NR | 35 | 29 | ||
Cho 2019 [32] | Korea | Rivaroxaban | 21000 | 73.8 | 50.9 | 3.6 | 21.1 | 87.8 | NR | 20.5 | 45.5 |
Dabigatran | 12593 | 72.9 | 53.6 | 3.5 | 24.3 | 87.0 | NR | 18.0 | 45.5 | ||
Apixaban | 12502 | 74.3 | 47.7 | 3.7 | 24 | 86.7 | NR | 20.6 | 45.3 | ||
Warfarin | 10409 | 70.8 | 54.0 | 3.5 | 27.3 | 85.9 | NR | 22.8 | 48.4 |