Residual flow may increase the risk of adverse events in patients received combined catheter ablation and transcatheter left atrial appendage closure for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis

Table 4 Subgroups of maximum residual flow

Subgroup		Pool incidence (%)	95% CI (%)	P
All-cause mortality	≤Mean	2.77	[1.20–6.25]	0.42
All-cause mortality	>Mean	1.76	[0.84–3.68]
Embolism	≤Mean	4.08	[2.08–7.83]	0.71
Embolism	>Mean	4.78	[2.85–7.91]
Follow-up bleeding event	≤Mean	3.93	[1.93–7.85]	0.08
Follow-up bleeding event	>Mean	7.87	[5.71–10.75]
AF recurrence	≤Mean	28.82	[22.36–36.28]	0.22
AF recurrence	>Mean	38.10	[25.82–52.51]

Mean, mean incidence rate of maximum residual flow during TEE follow-up period; AF atrial fibrillation, CI confidence interval, TEE transesophageal echocardiography

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