Residual flow may increase the risk of adverse events in patients received combined catheter ablation and transcatheter left atrial appendage closure for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis

Table 2 Subgroups of procedural residual flow

Subgroup		Pool incidence (%)	95% CI (%)	P
Pericardial effusion	≤Mean	2.96	[1.47–5.85]	0.67
Pericardial effusion	>Mean	3.80	[1.49–9.36]
Procedural bleeding event	≤Mean	2.75	[1.20–6.18]	0.03
Procedural bleeding event	>Mean	7.85	[4.77–12.63]
All-cause mortality	≤Mean	1.42	[0.66–3.04]	0.12
All-cause mortality	>Mean	3.39	[1.53–7.35]
Embolism	≤Mean	5.08	[3.11–8.18]	0.22
Embolism	>Mean	2.72	[1.14–6.38]
Follow-up bleeding event	≤Mean	6.13	[3.70–9.99]	0.73
Follow-up bleeding event	>Mean	6.95	[5.17–9.28]
Follow-up residual flow	≤Mean	14.80	[7.99–25.77]	0.87
Follow-up residual flow	>Mean	13.39	[4.26–34.84]
Maximum residual flow	≤Mean	20.24	[13.98–28.39]	0.58
Maximum residual flow	>Mean	24.26	[13.92–38.82]
AF recurrence	≤Mean	30.94	[18.70–46.60]	0.55
AF recurrence	>Mean	35.90	[29.42–41.71]

Mean, mean incidence rate of procedural residual flow; AF atrial fibrillation, CI confidence interval

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