Table 1 Summary of the principal studies on biomarkers and SCD
From: Predictors of cardiac arrhythmic events in non coronary artery disease patients
MARKER | YEAR | AUTHORS | NUMBER OF PATIENTS | POPULATION | OUTCOMES | RESULTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BNP | 2006 | Verma A et al. | 345 | HF of mixed etiology | ICD therapies | Association between pre-implantation BNP levels and appropriate ICD shocks or anti-tachycardia pacing during time. |
BNP & NT-proBNP | 2014 | Levine YC et al. | 161 (NTproBNP) 403 (BNP) | HF of mixed etiology | VTs | Levels of NT-proBNP and BNP were independently associated with risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmias |
NT-proBNP | 2008 | Simon T et al. | 30 | Nonischemic cardiomyopathy (DCM) with LVEF <= 40% | VTs or unexplained syncope | NT-pro BNP levels were significantly correlated with occurrence of symptomatic VTs |
C-reactive protein | 2002 | Albert CM et al. | 97 cases of SCD among Physician’s Health Study population | Healthy male physicians | SCD | CRP levels were significantly associated with the risk of SCD over 17 years of follow-up |
C-reactive protein | 2009 | Korngold EC et al. | 99 cases of SCD among Nurses’ Health Study population | Healthy female nurses | SCD | No correlation between CRP and SCD |
NEFA | 1999 | Jouven X et al | 5250 | Male employers of the city of Paris between 42 to 53 years of age | SCD | Circulating NEFA levels are an independent risk factor for SCD |
Long chain n-3 fatty acids | 2006 | Lemaitre RN et al | 214 cases of IHD among the Cardiovascular Health Study | IHD (fatal myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease) | Fatal IHD and SCD | High levels of trans-18:1 fatty acids were associated with lower risk of SCD whereas high levels of trans-18:2 were associated with higher risk of SCD |
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs) | 2010 | EM Kanupakis et al. | 70 | Nonischemic cardiomyopathy (DCM) with LVEF <= 35% | ICD therapies | High levels of MMPs and TIMPs were linked to increase risk of ICD therapies |
Osteopontin | 2014 | Francia P et al | 75 | HF of mixed etiology | ICD therapies | High levels of osteopontin are associated with appropriate ICD therapies. |
Testosterone & estradiol | 2017 | D Akdis et al. | 54 | ARVC/D | MACE | High levels of testosterone and low levels of estradiol were linked to increase incidence of MACE |
SCN5A mRNA in WBC | 2014 | Gao G et al. | 43 | HF of mixed etiology | ICD therapies | High levels of SCN5A mRNA in WBC were linked to increase risk of ICD therapies |