Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Country | Study Design | Mean follow-up, years | Sample (Women, %) | Mean age, years | LVEF,% | End points | Statistical Methods | Mean baseline HR, b.p.m. | Baseline BBs | Reduction HR at follow-up, b.p.m. | Follow-Up BBs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fauchier 2009 [29] | France | Multicenter registry study | 2.4 | 1269 (39%) | 74 | 48 ± 17 | all-cause mortality | Logistic regression and Multivariate Cox regression | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abi et al. 2018 [28] (Gulf Survey) | Qatar | Multicenter registry study | 1 | 334 (34%) | 62 | < 40 | all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF | Multivariable logistic regression analyses | 115 | NA | NA | NA |
Li 2015 [30] (Swedish Heart Failure Registry) | Sweden | Multicenter registry study | 2.4 | 7392 (33.2%) | 75.7 | < 40 | all-cause mortality | Multivariate Cox regression | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Nielsen 2016 [31] | Demark | Multicenter registry study | 3.1 | 23,896 (42.8%) | 78 | NA | all-cause mortality | Multivariate Cox regression with propensity score matching and Inverse Probability– Weighted | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Ozieranski 2017 [15] (ESC-HF Registry) | Poland | Registry study | 1.1 | 797 (27.5%) | 72 | < 40 | all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF | Cox regression | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Yu 2017 [16] | Korea | Cohort study | 4.5 | 1516 (50.6%) | 69.2 | NA | all-cause mortality | Multivariate Cox regression with propensity score matching | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Cadrin- Tourigny 2016 [28] (AF-CHF) | Canada | post-hoc analysis of RCT | 3.1 | Cadrin- Tourigny 2016 (AF-CHF) | 70 | < 35 | all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for HF | Multivariate Cox regression with propensity score matching | 79 | NA | NA | NA |
Joglar 2001 [23] (US Carvedilol) | U.S.A | post-hoc analysis of RCT | 0.5 | 136 (10%) | 65 | < 35 | all-cause mortality | log-rank test | 87 | 6.25 mg of carvedilol twice daily | −13 | 25 mg of carvedilol twice daily |
Kao 2013 [24] (BEST) | U.S.A | post-hoc analysis of RCT | 2 | 303 (9%) | 65.6 | < 35 | all-cause mortality | Cox regression | 80 | 3 mg of bucindolol twice daily | −6.9 | 50 mg of bucindolol twice daily |
Mulder 2012 [26] (SENIORS) | U.S.A | post-hoc analysis of RCT | 1.8 | 738 (35.5%) | 77 | < 35 | all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF | Cox regression | 84 | 1.25 mg of nebivolol daily | −11 | 10 mg of nebivolol daily |
Lechat 2001 [25] (CIBIS II) | U.S.A | post-hoc analysis of RCT | 1.3 | 521 (82.9%) | 62.5 | < 35 | all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for HF | Multivariate Cox regression | 88 | 1.25 mg of bisoprolol daily | −8.8 | 10 mg of bisoprolol daily |
Van Veldhuisen 2006 [27] (MERIT-HF) | U.S.A | post-hoc analysis of RCT | 1 | 556 (13%) | 65.7 | < 40 | all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF | Multivariate Cox regression | 84 | 12.5 mg of metoprolol CR/XL daily | −14.8 | 154 mg metoprolol CR/XL daily |