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Fig. 4 | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Fig. 4

From: Unique electrocardiographic pattern “w” wave in lead I of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias arising from the distal great cardiac vein

Fig. 4

Fluoroscopy, activation, and 3-dimensional mapping in a 55-year-old man with successful ablation of premature ventricular contractions at the distal of great coronary vein (GCV). a (A1 and A2): Corresponding fluoroscopic views (RAO 30°and LAO 45°) of the ablation catheter (ABL) at the successful ablation site at the distal of GCV during left coronary angiography. b surface ECG and intracardiac recordings from the mapping catheter (ABL) at the site of earliest ventricular activation at the distal GCV. Note that the local potential precedes the QRS by 20 ms during ventricular extrasystoles. c (C1 and C2): Electroanatomic maps of the same patient demonstrating the successful ablation point (red tag) at the distal GCV. d Termination of PVCs within 4 s of radiofrequency energy application at the distal GCV. Blue point indicates left main coronary artery. L, left coronary cusp. CS, coronary sinus catheter; LAO, left anterior oblique; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LAO, left anterior oblique; LCX, left circumflex artery

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