Skip to main content

Table 1 Comparison of characteristics based on the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome

From: Metabolic syndrome increases operative mortality in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective observational study

 

Metabolic Syndrome

Variables

All Patients (n = 190)

Absent (n = 103)

Present (n = 87)

P value

Age, yrs

62.7 ± 9.2

62.6 ± 9.8

62.7 ± 8.4

0.964

Female gender

20 (10.5%)

7 (6.8%)

13 (14.9%)

0.068

BMI,kg/m2

24.9 ± 4.2

23.0 ± 3.2

27.1 ± 4.1

P<0.0001

Expected operative risk (by EuroSCORE II) (%)

3.5 ± 6.7

3.2 ± 6.9

4.0 ± 6.9

0.399

NYHA heart failure class (III/IV), n(%)

66 (34.7%)

27 (26.2%)

39 (44.8%)

0.007

Risk factors and concomitant diseases

 Smoking

  Never

81 (42.6%)

43 (41.7%)

38 (43.7%)

0.789

  Former

35 (18.4%)

19 (18.4%)

16 (18.4%)

0.992

  Current

74 (38.9%)

41 (38.9%)

33 (37.9%)

0.792

 Obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2)

18 (9.5%)

4 (3.9%)

14 (16.1%)

0.004

 Hypertension

108 (56.8%)

36 (35.0%)

72 (82.8%)

P<0.0001

 Diabetes mellitus

63 (33.2%)

19 (18.4%)

44 (50.6%)

P<0.0001

 Lipid profile

  HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

1.05 ± 0.69

1.14 ± 0.9

0.94 ± 0.24

0.038

  LDL cholesterol, mmol/L

2.97 ± 1.16

2.68 ± 1.06

3.30 ± 1.20

P<0.001

  Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.6 ± 0.9

1.27 ± 0.43

2.0 ± 1.15

P<0.0001

 Fasting glycaemia, mmol/L

6.5 ± 2.8

5.6 ± 1.9

7.6 ± 3.2

P<0.0001

 CK-MB, μg/L

21.3 ± 33.9

18.6 ± 15.9

24.5 ± 47.1

0.231

 Hyperuricemia

50 (26.3%)

22 (21.4%)

28 (32.2%)

0.091

 COPD

6 (3.2%)

2 (1.9%)

4 (4.6%)

0.297

 Peripheral vascular disease

17 (8.9%)

6 (5.8%)

11 (12.6%)

0.101

 History of stroke

15 (7.9%)

6 (5.8%)

9 (10.3%)

0.250

 Renal dysfunction (creatinine>150 μmol/L)

12 (6.3%)

4 (3.9%)

8 (9.2%)

0.134

 Used of mechanical ventilation

11 (5.8%)

5 (4.9%)

6 (6.9%)

0.548

 Details of coronary artery disease

  Left main stenosis ≥50%

57 (30%)

31 (30.1%)

26 (29.9%)

0.975

  2-vessel disease(≥75% stenosis)

54 (28.4%)

26 (25.2%)

28 (32.2%)

0.291

  3-vessel disease(≥75% stenosis)

119 (62.6%)

63 (61.2%)

56 (64.4%)

0.649

 Recent myocardial infarction (<30 days)

69 (36.3%)

38 (36.9%)

31 (35.6%)

0.857

 Atrial fibrillation

10 (5.3%)

7(6.8%)

3 (3.4%)

0.303

 Previous PCI

24 (12.6%)

17 (16.5%)

7 (8.0%)

0.080

Echocardiographic findings

 LV ejection fraction (%)

39.8 ± 6.4

39.3 ± 6.3

40.4 ± 6.6

0.237

 LV diastolic dimension (mm)

56.8 ± 6.9

56.5 ± 7.4

57.1 ± 6.2

0.505

 Pulmonary hypertension

59 (31.1%)

35 (34.0%)

24 (27.6%)

0.343

 Mitral valve insufficiency

96 (50.5%)

52 (50.5%)

44 (50.6%)

0.990

 Left ventricular aneurysm

31 (16.3%)

20 (19.4%)

11 (12.6%)

0.208

Operative data

 Urgent/emergency surgery

7 (3.7%)

3 (2.9%)

4 (4.6%)

0.705

 On-pump bypass surgery

54 (28.4%)

31 (30.1%)

23 (26.4%)

0.577

 IMA used as grafts

161 (84.7%)

85 (82.5%)

76 (87.4%)

0.356

 Saphenous vein used as grafts

180 (94.7%)

96 (93.2%)

84 (96.6%)

0.303

 Aneurysmectomy

10 (5.3%)

8 (7.9%)

2 (2.3%)

0.183

 Mitral valve surgery

17 (8.9%)

10 (9.7%)

7 (8.0%)

0.689

 No. of distal anastomosis

2.6 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 0.93

2.75 ± 0.89

0.059

  1. Mean ± SD for continuous variables are shown
  2. (BMI = body mass index, NYHA = New York Heart Association, EuroSCORE = European system for cardiac operatic risk evaluation, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, CK-MB = creatine kinase-myocardial band, LV = left ventricular, IMA = internal mammary artery, SD = standard deviation)