Factors / diseases | Frequency (%) |
---|---|
Precipitating factors (n = 160) | |
 Pneumonia | 76 (47.5) |
 Atrial fibrillation | 55 (34.4) |
 Anemia | 39 (24.4) |
 Drug discontinuation | 36 (22.5) |
 Infective endocarditis | 7 (4.4) |
 Acute coronary syndrome | 6 (3.8) |
 Others (Pregnancy, uncontrolled hypertension) | 6 (3.8) |
Underlying (n = 169) | |
 Chronic rheumatic heart disease | 82 (48.5) |
 Degenerative heart disease | 38 (22.5) |
 Congenital heart disease | 33 (19.5) |
 Hypertensive heart disease | 17 (10.1) |
 Ischemic heart disease | 17 (10.1) |
 Cor pulmonale | 14 (8.3) |
 Dilated cardiomyopathy | 14 (8.3) |
Co-morbid (n = 169) | |
 Chronic kidney disease | 18 (10.7) |
 Pulmonary hypertension | 17 (10.1) |
 Hypertension | 14 (8.3) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 8 (4.7) |
 Coronary artery disease | 8 (4.7) |
 Asthma | 8 (4.7) |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7 (4.1) |
 Tuberculosis | 6 (3.6) |
 HIV/AIDS | 4 (2.4) |
 Othersa | 8 (4.7) |