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Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis

From: Preoperative exercise and recovery after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis

Study

Year

Nation

Age(years)

Gender(male/female)

groups

n

Recruitment time

Chen [13]

2019

China

61.7 ± 7.9

141/56

Exercise

98

June 2018 to September 2018

Control

99

Cho [14]

2014

Japan

64.5 ± 11.7

69/3

Exercise

18

February 2007 to January 2013

Control

54

Shi [15]

2008

China

57.3 ± 12.3

38/25

Exercise

35

September 2005 to May 2006

Control

28

Timmerman [16]

2010

Netherlands

61.2 ± 12.7

29/10

Exercise

15

January 2006 to June 2006

Control

24

Tung [17]

2012

China

53.2 ± 10.7

28/7

Exercise

15

September 2010 to April 2011

Control

20

Valkenet [18]

2013

Netherlands

67.3 ± 11.2

230/116

Exercise

94

January 2008 to December 2009

Control

252