The prevalence and clinical correlates of adverse childhood experiences in a cross-sectional study of primary care patients with cardiometabolic disease or risk factors

Table 2 Relationship between age and other variables

	Age group (years)				Difference between groups
	18–40 N = 49	41–50 N = 43	51–60 N = 61	> 60 N = 133	Chi²	p
Cardiovascular disease vs. risk factors only
History of cardiometabolic disease or cardiovascular events^a	20.4%	32.6%	47.5%	67.7%	39.1	<.001
Substance Use
Current smoker or quit in last year	40.8%	25.6%	16.4%	6.8%	31.1	<.001
Alcohol at least 4 days per week^b	10.4%	16.3%	15.3%	20.3%	2.6	.54
Six drinks or more per sitting at least monthly^c	25.5%	16.3%	11.7%	3.9%	17.9	<.001
Typically, 3 drinks or more per sitting^d	48.9%	25.6%	22.4%	9.3%	33.0	<.001
Cumulative exposure to ACEs
No ACEs	28.6%	48.8%	29.5%	44.4%
One ACE	18.4%	11.6%	24.6%	27.8%
Two or three ACEs	24.5%	18.6%	24.6%	15.8%
Four or more ACEs	28.6%	20.9%	21.3%	12.0%	17.6	.04
Exposure to specific ACEs
Physical abuse	18.8%	16.3%	19.7%	12.8%	1.9	.59
Sexual abuse	10.4%	16.3%	18.0%	12.8%	1.7	.64
Emotional abuse	36.7%	30.2%	37.7%	18.8%	10.5	.02
Emotional neglect	29.2%	16.3%	24.6%	17.6%	3.9	.27
Material deprivation	10.4%	9.3%	9.8%	6.8%	0.9	.82
Parental separation	47.9%	16.7%	21.3%	15.9%	21.9	<.001
Family violence	12.8%	14.6%	8.3%	8.4%	1.9	.59
Family substance use	20.8%	23.8%	27.9%	16.5%	3.5	.32
Family mental illness	35.4%	26.2%	27.9%	17.3%	7.3	.06
Incarceration of family member	16.7%	4.8%	4.9%	0.8%	16.1^e	<.001

^aHypertension, diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, history of coronary artery bypass surgery, cardiac stent or angioplasty
^bMissing data from 8 subjects
^cMissing data from 7 subjects
^dMissing data from 9 subjects
^eFisher’s Exact test

ISSN: 1471-2261