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Table 3 Factors associated with hypertension in male and female population

From: The prevalence, awareness, management and control of hypertension in men and women in Benin, West Africa: the TAHES study

Factors

FEMALES

MALES

Multivariable analysisa

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Age (y)

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

<0.0001

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

<0.0001

Marital status

 Single

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 Married/in couple

0.92 (0.54–1.55)

0.7499

0.86 (0.52–1.45)

0.5752

 Widowed/divorced/separated

0.98 (0.52–1.85)

0.9547

1.38 (0.50–3.81)

0.5280

Education

 None

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 Primary

0.87 (0.56–1.37)

0.5583

0.91 (0.59–1.41)

0.6763

 Higher

1.32 (0.58–3.00)

0.5038

1.21 (0.65–2.34)

0.5519

Occupation

 Employee/government employee

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 Craftsman/storekeeper

0.98 (0.33–2.93)

0.9745

1.21 (0.63–2.34)

0.5706

 Farmer/breeder/fisherman

1.30 (0.41–4.16)

0.6550

1.37 (0.64–2.90)

0.4169

 Homemade/retired

2.06 (0.55–7.73)

0.2895

7.19 (0.75–69.29)

0.0876

 Jobless

1.46 (0.40–5.34)

0.5638

0.85 (0.26–0.74)

0.7804

Religion

 Christians

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 Animists

1.52 (1.06–2.16)

0.0211

1.75 (1.17–2.62)

0.0068

 Other

0.94 (0.51–1.73)

0.8408

1.72 (0.76–3.89)

0.1921

Depression

 No

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 Yes

1.94 (0.54–1.66)

0.8444

1.55 (2.56–1.19)

0.1277

Anxiety

 No

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 Yes

0.87 (0.57–1.40)

0.5789

1.77 (0.91–3.42)

0.0922

Body mass index (kg/m2)

 18.5–25

Ref. 1

 

 < 18.5

0.56 (0.31–0.99)

0.0482

1.29 (0.75–2.22)

0.3593

 25–30

2.16 (1.49–3.12)

< 0.0001

1.89 (1.19–3.02)

0.0069

> 30

3.02 (1.89–4.81)

< 0.0001

5.28 (2.36–11.77)

< 0.0001

Tobacco

 No

Ref. 1

 

 Yes

0.75 (0.39–1.46)

0.4032

0.83 (0.57–1.19)

0.4916

Diabetes

    

No

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

Yes

0.83 (0.34–2.00)

0.6723

1.43 (0.53–3.86)

0.4761

Physical activity

 ≥ 150 min/week

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 < 150 min/week

1.44 (1.05–1.95)

0.0245

0.99 (0.68–1.44)

0.9520

 ≥ 5/day

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 < 5/day

0.95 (0.55–1.65)

0.8567

1.13 (0.61–2.10)

0.6993

Alcohol consumption

 Abstainers

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 Light

0.73 (0.51–1.04)

0.0838

0.74 (0.45–0.98)

0.0467

 Moderate to heavy

1.05 (0.64–1.73)

0.6723

1.14 (0.73–1.78)

0.5732

Salt consumption

 Rarely

Ref. 1

 

Ref. 1

 

 Often or very often

1.42 (1.02–1.97)

0.0365

0.83 (0.57–1.20)

0.3168

  1. aAdjusted for demographic and socio-economic, cardiovascular risk factors and nutritional factors