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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of HF outpatients before and after propensity score matching, by SUA quartiles

From: Gender differences in association between uric acid and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure

 

Quartiles of SUA in 4684 HF outpatients

1856 HF Outpatients after PSM

1 (n = 1187)

2 (n = 1169)

3 (n = 1154)

4 (n = 1174)

P-value

SUA

Quartile 1–3

(n = 928)

SUA

Quartile 4

(n = 928)

P-value

Se-uric acid, μmol/L

310.6 ± 51.5

405.4 ± 35.8

490.3 ± 36.5

635.2 ± 88.2

< 0.001

427.7 ± 80.3

633.3 ± 85.3

< 0.001

Se-uric acid, mg/dL

5.22 ± 0.87

6.82 ± 0.60

8.24 ± 0.61

10.68 ± 1.48

 

7.19 ± 1.35

10.65 ± 1.43

 

Male gender, %

73.0

73.7

74.5

71.9

0.527

73.5

73.3

0.916

Age, years

68.0 ± 12.8

68.8 ± 11.9

69.5 ± 12.1

71.9 ± 11.1

< 0.001

71.3 ± 11.3

71.4 ± 11.7

0.770

Body mass index, kg/m2

25.3 ± 4.7

26.2 ± 5.0

27.0 ± 5.3

26.9 ± 5.3

< 0.001

26.5 ± 5.2

26.6 ± 5.1

0.683

Smoking, %

18.5

15.9

13.8

13.0

0.001

14.3

13.8

0.738

Medical history

 Diabetes mellitus, %

15.9

18.7

19.8

24.0

< 0.001

20.8

21.6

0.691

 Ischaemic heart disease, %

55.1

54.5

56.1

58.1

0.334

57.8

57.5

0.919

 Hypertension, %

22.9

32.8

33.7

38.8

< 0.001

36.8

38.7

0.395

 Claudication/stroke, %

13.6

14.8

15.2

17.2

0.106

17.6

17.1

0.806

 PCI/CABG, %

37.2

39.8

37.7

37.7

0.575

38.7

38.6

0.968

 Reduced renal function, %

21.6

31.9

47.4

71.9

< 0.001

67.1

68.5

0.518

Physical findings

 Heart rate, beats/min

71.8 ± 14.3

71.9 ± 14.4

73.0 ± 15.5

73.6 ± 15.5

0.008

74.5 ± 16.1

73.7 ± 15.3

0.265

 SBP, mmHg

127.9 ± 22.2

128.1 ± 22.7

127.0 ± 21.7

123.4 ± 22.5

< 0.001

125.3 ± 22.0

124.4 ± 22.4

0.398

 LVEF, %

33.4 ± 11.1

32.7 ± 11.2

32.4 ± 11.6

32.4 ± 12.5

0.131

32.3 ± 11.7

32.2 ± 12.7

0.956

LVEF groups

    

0.171

  

0.557

 LVEF< 40%

72.2

74.6

73.2

74.9

 

74.3

75.6

 

 40% ≤ LVEF< 50%

18.6

16.3

18.1

14.6

 

16.0

14.1

 

 LVEF≥50%

9.2

9.1

8.7

10.6

 

9.8

10.3

 

NYHA Class

    

< 0.001

  

0.548

 I + II, %

58.4

52.2

47.8

37.6

 

39.8

36.9

 

 III + IV, %

41.7

47.9

52.3

62.4

 

60.3

63.0

 

Medication

 RAS-blocking agent use, %

89.0

90.8

90.1

87.2

0.027

88.8

88.1

0.663

 ACEi dose/day, % of target dose

48.1 ± 36.4

53.1 ± 37.8

54.9 ± 38.0

52.9 ± 41.8

0.001

51.6 ± 38.3

53.1 ± 42.2

0.486

 ARB use, %

14.2

14.7

16.8

17.4

0.089

16.6

17.0

0.804

 β-blocker dose/day, mg

61.1 ± 58.2

74.2 ± 67.4

72.3 ± 61.8

77.7 ± 66.7

< 0.001

76.8 ± 66.1

75.2 ± 65.6

0.605

 Loop diuretics dose/day, mg

34.4 ± 43.9

47.6 ± 53.6

62.9 ± 48.5

87.5 ± 72.5

< 0.001

72.2 ± 70.5

83.4 ± 70.4

0.001

 Calcium channel blocker use, %

7.4

8.2

8.3

8.4

0.785

8.9

7.3

0.225

 Acetylsalicylic acid use, %

51.3

47.9

45.5

43.4

0.001

44.5

43.4

0.644

 Statin use, %

56.0

56.1

54.3

51.8

0.124

51.9

51.6

0.889

Laboratory values

 eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

75.3 ± 20.4

69.2 ± 20.5

62.6 ± 21.0

50.9 ± 20.7

< 0.001

54.1 ± 19.8

52.9 ± 20.8

0.205

 Haemoglobin, g/100 mL

13.79 ± 1.57

14.00 ± 1.65

13.89 ± 1.72

13.70 ± 1.89

< 0.001

13.78 ± 1.78

13.75 ± 1.85

0.700

 Se-potassium, mmol/L

4.38 ± 0.41

4.41 ± 0.43

4.38 ± 0.49

4.41 ± 0.52

0.136

4.43 ± 0.50

4.40 ± 0.50

0.280

 Se-sodium, mmol/L

139.7 ± 3.3

140.0 ± 3.1

140.0 ± 3.2

139.7 ± 3.4

0.024

139.8 ± 3.3

139.7 ± 3.3

0.530

 Se-cholesterol, mmol/L

4.65 ± 1.23

4.71 ± 1.22

4.79 ± 1.31

4.72 ± 1.33

0.097

4.73 ± 1.29

4.75 ± 1.31

0.745

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD or percent. ACEi dose/day, percent of daily enalapril equivalent target dose; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; β-blocker dose/day, daily metoprolol equivalent dose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI/CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention and/or coronary artery bypass graft; PSM, propensity score matching; RAS-blocking agent, renin-angiotensin system blocking agent; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SUA, serum uric acid