Quartiles of SUA in 4684 HF outpatients | 1856 HF Outpatients after PSM | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (n = 1187) | 2 (n = 1169) | 3 (n = 1154) | 4 (n = 1174) | P-value | SUA Quartile 1–3 (n = 928) | SUA Quartile 4 (n = 928) | P-value | |
Se-uric acid, μmol/L | 310.6 ± 51.5 | 405.4 ± 35.8 | 490.3 ± 36.5 | 635.2 ± 88.2 | < 0.001 | 427.7 ± 80.3 | 633.3 ± 85.3 | < 0.001 |
Se-uric acid, mg/dL | 5.22 ± 0.87 | 6.82 ± 0.60 | 8.24 ± 0.61 | 10.68 ± 1.48 | 7.19 ± 1.35 | 10.65 ± 1.43 | ||
Male gender, % | 73.0 | 73.7 | 74.5 | 71.9 | 0.527 | 73.5 | 73.3 | 0.916 |
Age, years | 68.0 ± 12.8 | 68.8 ± 11.9 | 69.5 ± 12.1 | 71.9 ± 11.1 | < 0.001 | 71.3 ± 11.3 | 71.4 ± 11.7 | 0.770 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3 ± 4.7 | 26.2 ± 5.0 | 27.0 ± 5.3 | 26.9 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 | 26.5 ± 5.2 | 26.6 ± 5.1 | 0.683 |
Smoking, % | 18.5 | 15.9 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 0.001 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 0.738 |
Medical history | ||||||||
Diabetes mellitus, % | 15.9 | 18.7 | 19.8 | 24.0 | < 0.001 | 20.8 | 21.6 | 0.691 |
Ischaemic heart disease, % | 55.1 | 54.5 | 56.1 | 58.1 | 0.334 | 57.8 | 57.5 | 0.919 |
Hypertension, % | 22.9 | 32.8 | 33.7 | 38.8 | < 0.001 | 36.8 | 38.7 | 0.395 |
Claudication/stroke, % | 13.6 | 14.8 | 15.2 | 17.2 | 0.106 | 17.6 | 17.1 | 0.806 |
PCI/CABG, % | 37.2 | 39.8 | 37.7 | 37.7 | 0.575 | 38.7 | 38.6 | 0.968 |
Reduced renal function, % | 21.6 | 31.9 | 47.4 | 71.9 | < 0.001 | 67.1 | 68.5 | 0.518 |
Physical findings | ||||||||
Heart rate, beats/min | 71.8 ± 14.3 | 71.9 ± 14.4 | 73.0 ± 15.5 | 73.6 ± 15.5 | 0.008 | 74.5 ± 16.1 | 73.7 ± 15.3 | 0.265 |
SBP, mmHg | 127.9 ± 22.2 | 128.1 ± 22.7 | 127.0 ± 21.7 | 123.4 ± 22.5 | < 0.001 | 125.3 ± 22.0 | 124.4 ± 22.4 | 0.398 |
LVEF, % | 33.4 ± 11.1 | 32.7 ± 11.2 | 32.4 ± 11.6 | 32.4 ± 12.5 | 0.131 | 32.3 ± 11.7 | 32.2 ± 12.7 | 0.956 |
LVEF groups | 0.171 | 0.557 | ||||||
LVEF< 40% | 72.2 | 74.6 | 73.2 | 74.9 | 74.3 | 75.6 | ||
40% ≤ LVEF< 50% | 18.6 | 16.3 | 18.1 | 14.6 | 16.0 | 14.1 | ||
LVEF≥50% | 9.2 | 9.1 | 8.7 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 10.3 | ||
NYHA Class | < 0.001 | 0.548 | ||||||
I + II, % | 58.4 | 52.2 | 47.8 | 37.6 | 39.8 | 36.9 | ||
III + IV, % | 41.7 | 47.9 | 52.3 | 62.4 | 60.3 | 63.0 | ||
Medication | ||||||||
RAS-blocking agent use, % | 89.0 | 90.8 | 90.1 | 87.2 | 0.027 | 88.8 | 88.1 | 0.663 |
ACEi dose/day, % of target dose | 48.1 ± 36.4 | 53.1 ± 37.8 | 54.9 ± 38.0 | 52.9 ± 41.8 | 0.001 | 51.6 ± 38.3 | 53.1 ± 42.2 | 0.486 |
ARB use, % | 14.2 | 14.7 | 16.8 | 17.4 | 0.089 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 0.804 |
β-blocker dose/day, mg | 61.1 ± 58.2 | 74.2 ± 67.4 | 72.3 ± 61.8 | 77.7 ± 66.7 | < 0.001 | 76.8 ± 66.1 | 75.2 ± 65.6 | 0.605 |
Loop diuretics dose/day, mg | 34.4 ± 43.9 | 47.6 ± 53.6 | 62.9 ± 48.5 | 87.5 ± 72.5 | < 0.001 | 72.2 ± 70.5 | 83.4 ± 70.4 | 0.001 |
Calcium channel blocker use, % | 7.4 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 0.785 | 8.9 | 7.3 | 0.225 |
Acetylsalicylic acid use, % | 51.3 | 47.9 | 45.5 | 43.4 | 0.001 | 44.5 | 43.4 | 0.644 |
Statin use, % | 56.0 | 56.1 | 54.3 | 51.8 | 0.124 | 51.9 | 51.6 | 0.889 |
Laboratory values | ||||||||
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 75.3 ± 20.4 | 69.2 ± 20.5 | 62.6 ± 21.0 | 50.9 ± 20.7 | < 0.001 | 54.1 ± 19.8 | 52.9 ± 20.8 | 0.205 |
Haemoglobin, g/100 mL | 13.79 ± 1.57 | 14.00 ± 1.65 | 13.89 ± 1.72 | 13.70 ± 1.89 | < 0.001 | 13.78 ± 1.78 | 13.75 ± 1.85 | 0.700 |
Se-potassium, mmol/L | 4.38 ± 0.41 | 4.41 ± 0.43 | 4.38 ± 0.49 | 4.41 ± 0.52 | 0.136 | 4.43 ± 0.50 | 4.40 ± 0.50 | 0.280 |
Se-sodium, mmol/L | 139.7 ± 3.3 | 140.0 ± 3.1 | 140.0 ± 3.2 | 139.7 ± 3.4 | 0.024 | 139.8 ± 3.3 | 139.7 ± 3.3 | 0.530 |
Se-cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.65 ± 1.23 | 4.71 ± 1.22 | 4.79 ± 1.31 | 4.72 ± 1.33 | 0.097 | 4.73 ± 1.29 | 4.75 ± 1.31 | 0.745 |