Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study patients
From: Modes of death and clinical outcomes in adult patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Thailand
Variables | n = 161 |
|---|---|
Age (year) | 66 ± 16 |
Age stratified by decade (years) [n (%)] | |
 – < 20  – 20-29  – 30-39  – 40-49  – 50-59  – 60-69  – 70-79  – 80-89  – ≥90 | 0 (0%) 4 (3%) 5 (3%) 19 (12%) 21 (13%) 36 (22%) 41 (25%) 32 (20%) 3 (2%) |
Age at presentation (year) | 58 ± 17 |
Female [n (%)] | 93 (58%) |
Family history of HCM/ SCD [n (%)] | 17 (12%)/13 (9%) |
History of syncope [n (%)] | 8 (5%) |
NYHA Class III-IV [n (%)] | 21 (13%) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 ± 18 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 12 |
Atrial fibrillation at presentation [n (%)] | 12 (8%) |
- Paroxysmal - Persistent/permanent | 4 (3%) 8 (5%) |
LVH on ECG [n (%)] | 92 (57%) |
Clinical presentation [n (%)] | |
 Asymptomatic with abnormal murmur | 20 (12%) |
 Asymptomatic with abnormal EKG | 27 (17%) |
 Dyspnea on exertion | 40 (25%) |
 Palpitation | 11 (7%) |
 Chest pain | 33 (21%) |
 Syncope | 8 (5%) |
 Heart failure | 15 (9%) |
 Stroke | 7 (4%) |
Functional capacity in Metabolic Equivalents (METS) | 7.9 ± 1.7 |
Hypotensive response to exercise [n (%)] | 2 (1%) |
Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia [n (%)] | 2 (1%) |
5-year ESC-SCD risk score | 2.1 ± 0.6% |
Type [n (%)] | |
 – Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy  – Pure apical  – Apical with mid LV involvement  – Concentric  – Localized  – Pure Mid | 81 (50%) 27 (17%) 24 (14%) 26 (16%) 2 (2%) 1 (1%) |
Interventricular septal thickness (mm) | 18 ± 6 |
Interventricular septal thickness ≥ 25 mm [n (%)] | 24 (15%) |
Interventricular septal thickness ≥ 30 mm [n (%)] | 9 (5%) |
Abnormal papillary muscle [n (%)] | 36 (22%) |
Resting systolic anterior motion [n (%)] | 77 (48%) |
 Chordal  Mild  Moderate  Severe | 36 23 12 6 |
Significant LVOT gradient (> 30 mmHg) [n (%)] | 38 (24%) |
LVEDD (mm) | 43 ± 8 |
LA diameter (mm) | 40 ± 9 |
LAVI (ml/m2) | 37 ± 18 |
LVEF (%) | 74 ± 10 |
Dilated HCM (LVEF< 50%) [n (%)] | 6 (4%) |
Beta blocker [n (%)] | 119 (74%) |
Calcium channel blocker [n (%)] | 19 (12%) |
Amiodarone [n (%)] | 14 (9%) |
Anticoagulant [n (%)] | 40 (25%) |
Cardiac implantable electronic device [n (%)] | |
 – ICD  – CRT-D  – Pacemaker | 5 (3%) 0 (0%) 8 (5%) |