In-hospital and post-discharge outcomes of pediatric acute myocarditis underwent after high-dose steroid or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Table 2 Demographic and clinical data of the study patients after propensity score matching

	First cohort			Second cohort
Variable	Non-Steroid*	Steroid*	P‡	Non-IVIG	IVIG	P‡
Number of patients	208	104	–	178	89	–
Male gender—no. (%)	108 (51.9)	56 (53.8)	0.810	111 (62.4)	58 (65.2)	0.688
Age (year)	2.4 ± 2.8	2.6 ± 2.9	0.660	1.7 ± 1.9	2.0 ± 2.1	0.313
Age group			0.875			0.576
< 1 yrs.	87 (41.8)	44 (42.3)		79 (44.4)	35 (39.3)
1~2 yrs.	67 (32.2)	32 (30.8)		80 (44.9)	40 (44.9)
3~5 yrs.	28 (13.5)	12 (11.5)		8 (4.5)	7 (7.9)
6~11 yrs.	26 (12.5)	16 (15.4)		11 (6.2)	7 (7.9)
Oral Medication—no. (%)
ACEi/ ARB	22 (10.6)	10 (9.6)	0.846	8 (4.5)	5 (5.6)	0.765
Beta blocker	8 (3.8)	6 (5.8)	0.563	7 (3.9)	4 (4.5)	1.000
Digoxin	29 (13.9)	14 (13.5)	1.000	12 (6.7)	5 (5.6)	0.797
Loop diuretics	26 (12.5)	15 (14.4)	0.723	9 (5.1)	6 (6.7)	0.581
Potassium-sparing diuretics	6 (2.9)	4 (3.8)	0.736	2 (1.1)	1 (1.1)	1.000
Intravenous agents—no. (%)
Dobutamine	56 (26.9)	31 (29.8)	0.595	18 (10.1)	10 (11.2)	0.833
Milrinone	13 (6.3)	7 (6.7)	1.000	7 (3.9)	6 (6.7)	0.369
Dopamine	77 (37.0)	39 (37.5)	1.000	29 (16.3)	17 (19.1)	0.607
Norepinephrine	3 (1.4)	2 (1.9)	1.000	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	–
Examination—no. (%)
Cardiac MRI	6 (2.9)	5 (4.8)	0.516	3 (1.7)	7 (7.9)	0.018
Cardiac biopsy	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)	0.333	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	–
Virus detection	107 (51.4)	52 (50.0)	0.812	54 (30.3)	34 (38.2)	0.215
Severity assessment—no. (%)
VT/VF	5 (2.4)	1 (1.0)	0.668	3 (1.7)	1 (1.1)	1.000
CPR	25 (12.0)	11 (10.6)	0.851	9 (5.1)	5 (5.6)	1.000
Bradycardia	6 (2.9)	2 (1.9)	0.723	1 (0.6)	1 (1.1)	1.000
Cardioversion	16 (7.7)	6 (5.8)	0.643	5 (2.8)	3 (3.4)	1.000
Temporary pacemaker	6 (2.9)	2 (1.9)	0.723	1 (0.6)	0 (0.0)	1.000
ICU stay	130 (62.5)	64 (61.5)	0.902	42 (23.6)	23 (25.8)	0.762

‡ Fisher’s exact test for categorical variable or t-test for continuous variable;
*Steroid: patients received high-dose steroid therapy; non-steroid: patients without receiving high-dose steroid therapy
Abbreviations: ACEi angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor), ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ICU intensive care unit, IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, VT/VF ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation

ISSN: 1471-2261