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Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of the study patients before propensity score matching

From: In-hospital and post-discharge outcomes of pediatric acute myocarditis underwent after high-dose steroid or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Variable

Neither steroid nor IVIG

Steroid alone*

IVIG alone

P‡

Number of patients

1342

105

95

–

Male gender—no. (%)

713 (53.1)

57 (54.3)

62 (65.3)

0.072

Age (year)

2.9 ± 2.6

2.6 ± 2.9

1.9 ± 2.1

< 0.001

Age group—no. (%)

 

< 0.001

< 1 yrs.

394 (29.4)

44 (41.9)

39 (41.1)

 

1~2 yrs.

432 (32.2)

33 (31.4)

42 (44.2)

 

3~5 yrs.

337 (25.1)

12 (11.4)

7 (7.4)

 

6~11 yrs.

179 (13.3)

16 (15.2)

7 (7.4)

 

Oral Medication—no. (%)

ACEi/ ARB

66 (4.9)

10 (9.5)

5 (5.3)

0.131

Beta blocker

58 (4.3)

6 (5.7)

4 (4.2)

0.723

Digoxin

66 (4.9)

14 (13.3)

6 (6.3)

0.003

Loop diuretics

50 (3.7)

15 (14.3)

6 (6.3)

< 0.001

Potassium-sparing diuretics

9 (0.7)

4 (3.8)

1 (1.1)

0.017

Intravenous agents—no. (%)

Dobutamine

68 (5.1)

32 (30.5)

13 (13.7)

< 0.001

Milrinone

31 (2.3)

7 (6.7)

11 (11.6)

< 0.001

Dopamine

127 (9.5)

40 (38.1)

23 (24.2)

< 0.001

Norepinephrine

4 (0.3)

2 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

0.104

Examination—no. (%)

Cardiac MRI

18 (1.3)

5 (4.8)

9 (9.5)

< 0.001

Cardiac biopsy

1 (0.1)

1 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

0.243

Virus detection

404 (30.1)

53 (50.5)

40 (42.1)

< 0.001

Severity assessment—no. (%)

VT/VF

9 (0.7)

1 (1.0)

1 (1.1)

0.428

CPR

38 (2.8)

12 (11.4)

6 (6.3)

< 0.001

Bradycardia

13 (1.0)

2 (1.9)

1 (1.1)

0.489

Cardioversion

20 (1.5)

6 (5.7)

4 (4.2)

0.005

Temporary Pacemaker

11 (0.8)

2 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

0.375

ICU stay

304 (22.7)

65 (61.9)

28 (29.5)

< 0.001

  1. ‡ Fisher’s exact test for categorical variable or one-way ANOVA for continuous variable;
  2. *Steroid alone: those patients received high-dose steroid therapy
  3. Abbreviations: ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ICU intensive care unit, IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, VT/VF ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation