Table 2 Summary of recommendations on screening of asymptomatic PAD

ACCF AHA

Management of PAD

For (moderate-strong)

ABI

normal ABI (0.91 to 1.30)

Exercise ABI if ABI is normal; TBI or PVR if ABI >1.30

AHA ACC

Management of LEAD

Harm

Invasive and noninvasive angiography (ie, CTA, MRA)

BWG

Diagnosis and treatment of PAD

For (strong)

Clinical examination including ABI

ABI < 0.9 suggests abnormal

•Subjects from 50 to 69 years of age with diabetes, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia;

•Subjects older than 70 years of age;

• Subjects with history of other CV disease

CEVF

Management of IC

For (moderate-strong)

Standard clinical review including ABI

normal ABI (0.91 to 1.30) ABI < 0.9 suggests abnormal

• Adults older than 50 years with atherosclerosis risk factors

•Adults greater than 70 years.

Exercise ABI if at risk for PAD; ABI is normal; without claudication symptoms; no other AS evidence

ESC

Diagnosis and treatment of PAD

For (strong)

ABI

•Men and women aged >65 years

•Men and women aged <65 years classified at high CV risk

•Men and women aged >50 years with family history for LEAD

GSA

Diagnosis and treatment of PAOD

For (strong)

Clinical examination of the feet, including basic evaluation, history and PE, resting ABI

All pulses palpable+ ABI 0.9 -1.3 suggested asymptomatic PAOD.

No further test

IWGDF

Diagnosis, prognosis and management of PAD in patients with foot ulcers in diabetes

For (strong)

Bedside non-invasive tests

ABI <0.9 considered abnormal

Largely exclude PAD are ABI 0.9–1.3, TBI ≥0.75 and with TPDAW

SVS

Management of asymptomatic atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities and claudication

For (moderate)

ABI

For asymptomatic individuals who are at elevated risk, such as those aged >70, smokers, diabetic patients, those with an abnormal pulse examination, or other CV disease

USPSTF

Screening for PAD

Insufficient evidence

ABI

WHS

Management of arterial ulcers

For (strong)

Audio handheld Doppler waveforms; Triphasic pulse.