Characteristic | Model 1 AHR (95% CI) | Model 2 AHR (95% CI) | Model 3 AHR (95% CI) | Model 4 AHR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, each year increase | Â | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) |
Men | Â | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.8 (0.3, 1.6) |
Women | Â | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Overall KCCQ score | ||||
 Poor (KCCQ 25 to 49%) | Ref |  | Ref | Ref |
 Fair (KCCQ score 50 to 74%) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.6) |  | 1.4 (0.4, 13) | 1.3 (0.1, 12.9) |
 Worst (KCCQ score 0 to 24%) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.2) |  | 2.9 (1.1, 8.0) | 2.9 (1.1, 8.1)* |
Asset index, quintiles | ||||
 Poorest |  | 1.4 (0.5, 3.8) | 1.1 (0.4, 3.0) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.5) |
 Poor |  | 2.6 (1.0, 6.7)* | 1.8 (0.6, 5.0) | 1.6 (0.6, 4.6) |
 Average |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Rich |  | 0.8 (0.2, 2.5) | 0.7 (0.2, 2.4) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.8) |
 Richest |  | 2.8 (1.0, 7.5)* | 3.5 (1.2, 9.8)* | 3.6 (1.2, 10.8)* |
Prior Heart failure hospitalizations | Â | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) |
Self-reported good medication adherence | Â | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Self-reported poor medication adherence | Â | 1.6 (0.8, 3.1) | 1.8 (0.9, 3.7) | 1.8 (0.9, 3.7) |
Smoking status | ||||
 Never |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Former |  | 1.1 (0.4, 2.7) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.2) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.4) |
 Current |  | 2.4 (0.3, 20.9) | 2.7 (0.3, 24.4) | 2.1 (0.2, 19.9) |
Alcoholic drinks per sitting (each 1 increase) | Â | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9)* | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0)* | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9)* |
History of hypertension | Â | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9)* | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9)* | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9)* |
History of diabetes mellitus | Â | 2.5 (0.9, 7.0) | 2.3 (0.8, 6.3) | 2.3 (0.8, 6.4) |
History of HIV infection | Â | 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.3) |
NYHA functional class | ||||
 Class III |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Class IV |  | 2.7 (1.4, 5.2)** | 2.8 (1.4, 5.7)** | 2.6 (1.3, 5.4)** |
Left ventricular ejection fraction | ||||
 Reduced (≤ 40%) |  | 1.2 (0.5, 2.9) | 1.1 (0.4, 2.8) | 1.2 (0.4, 3.0) |
 Middle range (41–49%) |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Preserved (≥ 50%) |  | 1.2 (0.4, 3.6) | 1.0 (0.3, 3.0) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.9) |
Renal function eGFR## (ml/min/1.73 m2) | ||||
  ≥ 90 |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 60–89 |  | 0.6 (0.3, 1.6) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.5) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.7) |
 30–59 |  | 2.4 (0.8, 7.1) | 2.6 (0.8, 7.7) | 3.4 (1.1, 10.8)* |
 15–29 |  | 2.1 (0.6, 7.6) | 1.5 (0.4, 5.6) | 1.7 (0.4, 6.8) |
  < 15 |  | 3.4 (1.4, 8.3)** | 3.0 (1.3, 7.3)* | 2.7 (1.0, 7.1)* |
Cardiac biomarkers | ||||
 BNP∞, each 1 pg/mL increase |  |  |  | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0)* |
 CKMB€, each 1 ng/mL increase |  |  |  | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1)* |