Fig. 1

Blood glucose levels and the standard curve and the relative PKC activity in the atria of rats from the Con, DM, Met, and PMA groups. a Blood glucose levels during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in control and T2DM rats. b The standard curve for the PKC activity assay. c Relative histogram of relative PKC activity demonstrates the effects of T2DM, 8-week metformin treatment as well as 2-week injection of PMA on the PKC activity in rat atria among the four groups (n = 5). ^**P < 0.01 vs Con; ^##P < 0.01 vs DM; ⁺⁺P < 0.01 vs Met