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Table 2 Predictors of iron deficiency using logistic regression analysis

From: Importance of iron deficiency in patients with chronic heart failure as a predictor of mortality and hospitalizations: insights from an observational cohort study

Variables

Univariate OR

P value

Multivariate OR

P value

Age (per 5 years)

1.09 (1.05–1.13)

< 0.001

  

Female sex

2.05 (1.67–2.53)

0.396

1.62 (1.29–2.03)

< 0.001

Hypertension

1.50 (1.23–1.85)

< 0.001

  

Diabetes Mellitus

1.44 (1.18–1.76)

< 0.001

  

COPD

0.86 (0.67–1.10)

0.223

  

HFPEF

1.25 (1.00–1.56)

0.047

  

Ischaemic aetiology

1.15 (0.94–1.39)

0.175

  

NYHA class III-IV

1.84 (1.50–2.26)

< 0.001

1.50 (1.20–1.88)

< 0.001

Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg)

1.11 (1.06–1.16)

< 0.001

1.09 (1.04–1.14)

< 0.001

Heart rate (per 10 bpm)

1.03 (0.97–1.10)

0.379

  

BMI (1 kg/m2)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

0.008

1.03 (1.00–1.05)

0.018

ACE-I or ARB

0.71 (0.53–0.95)

0.021

  

Beta blockers

0.96 (0.72–1.28)

0.781

  

Diuretics

1.50 (1.13–1.98)

0.005

  

MRAs

0.81 (0.66–0.98)

0.028

  

Digoxin

1.00 (0.80–1.26)

0.988

  

Oral anticoagulants

0.96 (0.79–1.17)

0.690

  

Antiplatelet

0.99 (0.82–1.20)

0.921

  

ICD

1.02 (0.71–1.44)

0.94

  

Haemoglobin (per 1 g/dL)

0.82 (0.78–0.87)

< 0.001

0.87 (0.82–0.92)

< 0.001

Log NT-proBNP (per 1 SD)

1.20 (1.09–1.33)

< 0.001

1.12 (0.99–1.25)

0.051

Sodium (per 5 mmol/L)

1.17 (1.02–1.34)

0.030

  

eGFR (per 5 ml/min/1.73m2)

0.98 (0.96–0.99)

0.016

  
  1. OR Odds Ratio, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, HFPEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, BP Blood pressure, BMI Body mass index, ACE-I Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker, MRAs Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, ICD Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Log Logarithmic transformation, NTproBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, SD Standard deviation, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
  2. Variables introduced in the multivariate model were: Age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, HFPEF, NYHA functional class III-IV, systolic BP, heart rate, BMI, haemoglobin, logNT-proBNP, eGFR, sodium, treatment with beta blockers, ACE-i/ARBs, diuretics and MRAs