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Table 4 Characteristics of patients on secondary prevention

From: Time trends in statin use and incidence of recurrent cardiovascular events in secondary prevention between 1999 and 2013: a registry-based study

Variables

1999

2013

Age group in 2013

Total (n = 4007)

Total (n = 6295)

50–59 years (n = 1077)

60–79 years (n = 3211)

80+ years (n = 2077)

n (%) or Median [P25; P75]

n (%) or Median [P25; P75]

n (%) or Median [P25; P75]

Statin use cat.a %

Statin use ref. cat.b %

n (%) or Median [P25; P75]

Statin use cat.a %

Statin use ref. cat.b %

n (%) or Median [P25; P75]

Statin use cat.a %

Statin use ref. cat.b %

Statin use, n (%)

295 (7.4)

2477 (39.3)

330 (32.8)

  

1614 (50.3)

  

533 (25.7)

  

Baseline characteristics

 Age (years), median [IQR]

73 [66; 79]

74 [64; 82]

55 [52; 57]

  

70 [65; 75]

  

85 [82; 89]

  

 Women, n (%)

1839 (45.9)

2871 (45.6)

448 (44.5)

24.1***

39.7

1280 (39.9)

41.6***

56.0

1143 (55)

20.4***

32.1

 LDL measurement, n (%)

1559 (38.9)

2405 (38.2)

421 (42.0)

23.3***

39.6

1040 (32.4)

38.8***

55.8

944 (45.5)

14.6***

34.9

Type of CVD history

 MI, n (%)

848 (21.2)

1507 (23.9)

331 (32.9)

36.3*

31.1

786 (24.5)

59.0***

47.4

390 (18.8)

31.0**

24.4

 Stroke, n (%)

831 (20.7)

1496 (23.8)

248 (24.6)

29.8

33.7

672 (20.9)

46.3**

51.3

576 (27.7)

20.5***

27.6

 TIA, n (%)

631 (15.7)

963 (15.3)

67 (6.7)

41.8

32.1

414 (12.9)

49.3

50.4

482 (23.2)

21.8**

26.8

 IHD without angina, n (%)

754 (18.8)

1147 (18.2)

144 (14.3)

42.4**

31.2

648 (20.2)

61.3***

47.5

355 (17.1)

33.2***

24.1

 IHD with angina, n (%)

1582 (39.5)

1809 (28.7)

173 (17.2)

46.8***

29.9

938 (29.2)

54.1**

48.7

698 (33.6)

27.5

24.7

 PAD, n (%)

1011 (25.2)

1669 (26.5)

242 (24.0)

27.3**

34.5

873 (27.2)

45.9**

51.9

554 (26.7)

27.4

25.0

Comorbidities

 Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

430 (10.7)

870 (13.8)

24 (2.4)

45.8

32.5

359 (11.2)

53.8

49.8

487 (23.4)

21.1**

27.0

 Hypercholesterolemia, n (%)

1040 (26.0)

2075 (33.0)

292 (29.0)

50.7***

25.5

1134 (35.3)

60.6***

44.6

649 (31.2)

34.2***

21.8

Hypertension, n (%)

1396 (34.8)

2772 (44.0)

344 (34.2)

36.6*

30.8

1422 (44.3)

51.7

49.1

1006 (48.4)

24.8

26.5

Mental disorder, n (%)

625 (15.6)

1310 (20.8)

289 (28.7)

32.5

32.9

627 (19.5)

45.1**

51.5

394 (19.0)

17.5***

27.6

Co-medications

Aspirin and antihypertensive agents

 Aspirin + RAS and

 Non-RAS

75 (1.9)

707 (11.2)

88 (8.7)

Ref cat

 

458 (14.3)

Ref cat

 

161 (7.8)

Ref cat

 

 Aspirin + RAS or

 Non-RAS, n (%)

295 (7.4)

1464 (23.3)

171 (17.0)

73.5

80.7

959 (29.9)

73.7**

81.0

334 (16.1)

63.0**

70.8

 Aspirin alone, n (%)

68 (1.7)

226 (3.6)

45 (4.5)

68.9

80.7

147 (4.6)

58.5***

81.0

34 (1.6)

44.1***

70.8

 RAS or Non-RAS and no aspirin, n (%)

702 (17.5)

1808 (28.7)

256 (25.4)

38.7***

80.7

1014 (31.6)

60.4***

81.0

538 (25.9)

44.8***

70.8

 None of these 3 categories, n (%)

2942 (73.4)

2797 (44.4)

535 (53.1)

12.7***

80.7

1091 (34.0)

16.1***

81.0

1171 (56.4)

4.6***

70.8

 Other lipid-lowering medication

73 (4.3)

237 (3.8)

37 (3.7)

48.6**

32.2

164 (5.1)

43.3*

50.6

36 (1.7)

30.6

25.6

Charlson comorbidity index

 mCCI indexc, median [IQR]

5 [3; 6]

5 [4; 7]

3 [2; 4]

  

5 [4; 6]

  

7 [6; 8]

  

 MI/ IHD w/o angina, n (%)

1395 (34.8)

2364 (37.6)

442 (43.9)

36.4**

29.9

1269 (39.5)

59.3***

44.3

653 (31.4)

32.3***

22.6

 Heart failure, n (%)

364 (9.1)

500 (7.9)

20 (2.0)

55.0**

32.3

156 (4.9)

59.6**

49.8

324 (15.6)

19.1**

26.9

 PAD, n (%)

1011 (25.2)

1669 (26.5)

242 (24.0)

27.3**

34.5

873 (27.2)

45.9**

51.9

554 (26.7)

27.4

25.0

 TIA/stroke, n (%)

1333 (33.3)

2283 (36.3)

305 (30.3)

31.8

33.2

1014 (31.6)

46.6**

51.9

964 (46.4)

21.1***

29.6

Dementia, n (%)

94 (2.3)

301 (4.8)

17 (1.7)

23.5

32.9

87 (2.7)

40.2*

50.5

197 (9.5)

14.7***

26.8

COPD/asthma, n (%)

579 (14.4)

1580 (25.1)

276 (27.4)

31.9

33.1

862 (26.8)

48.4

51.0

442 (21.3)

24.7

25.9

GI ulcer, n (%)

471 (11.8)

647 (10.3)

65 (6.5)

30.8

32.9

331 (10.3)

49.5

50.3

251 (12.1)

21.9

26.2

Liver disease, n (%)

110 (2.7)

361 (5.7)

52 (5.2)

40.4

32.4

200 (6.2)

48.0

50.4

109 (5.2)

20.2

26.0

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

644 (16.1)

1587 (25.2)

235 (23.3)

38.7**

31.0

855 (26.6)

58.9***

47.1

497 (23.9)

27.4

25.1

Paralysis, n (%)

122 (3.0)

141 (2.2)

18 (1.8)

55.6**

32.4

65 (2.0)

43.1

50.4

58 (2.8)

15.5*

26.0

Cancer, n (%)

382 (9.5)

1207 (19.2)

191 (19.0)

20.9***

35.5

631 (19.7)

43.3***

52.0

385 (18.5)

23.4

26.2

Leukaemia, n (%)

9 (0.2)

40 (0.6)

10 (1.0)

20.0

32.9

15 (0.5)

46.7

50.3

15 (0.7)

33.3

25.6

Hodgkin’s lymphoma, n (%)

12 (0.3)

44 (0.7)

6 (0.6)

16.7

32.9

27 (0.8)

40.7

50.3

11 (0.5)

36.4

25.6

HIV-infection/ AIDS, n (%)

NA

NA

NA

        

Renal insufficiencyd, n (%)

 Yes vs no

468 (11.7)

665 (10.6)

14 (1.4)

50.0

37.7

192 (6.0)

49.5

54.6

459 (22.1)

25.3**

31.9

 Not measured vs measured

755 (18.8)

970 (15.4)

214 (21.3)

13.6***

38.0

372 (11.6)

19.6***

54.3

384 (18.5)

6.0***

30.1

  1. IQR inter-quartile range, LDL low-density lipoprotein, CVD cardiovascular disease, MI myocardial infarction, TIA transient ischemic attack, IHD ischemic heart disease, PAD peripheral arterial disease, RAS renin-angiotensin system, mCCI modified Charlson comorbidity index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GI gastro-intestinal (duodenal or gastric)
  2. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10 (p-values are derived from a simple logistic regression model)
  3. aStatin use cat.: statin use in the category of interest; bStatin use ref. cat.: statin use in the category of reference; cMissing kidney function is treated as a score of 0; dthe last value of the creatinine was taken if it was measured in the last 3 years. The eGFR was computed using the MDRD formula and if eGFR< 45 = > renal insufficiency