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Table 2 Escherichia coli endocarditis cases in the past 30 years

From: Native valve endocarditis due to Escherichia coli infection: a case report and review of the literature

Case No.

First author, year

Age, years

Sex

Comorbidities

Pre-ceding UTI

Complications during hospitalization

Antibiotic therapy

Site of vegetation

Cardiac surgery

Outcome

1

Murray [10] 1988

25

M

None

Pulmonary infarction

PC + GM+ MNZ

PV

Resection of anterior PV leaflet

A

2

Watanakunakorn [11] 1992

79

F

DM, HT

Hemorrhagic CI, CHF

CFX→ CAZ + GM→CZX

MV-anterior leaflet

D (37 days)

3

Raymond [12] 1992

52

F

None

+ E. coli positive

Abscess of IVS, CHF

CTRX

AV

D (8 days)

4

Oosterbosch [13] 1996

69

F

Multiple myeloma

+ E. coli positive

LV aneurysm formation, severe MR, CHF

Temocillin→CXM + AMK

MV-posterior leaflet

D (8 days)

5

Morrison [14] 1997

47

M

Multiple tooth decay, chronic alcoholism, bicuspid AV

+E. coli positive

Renal infarction

CTRX

AV-RCC

AVR (MP)

A

6

Soma [15] 2005

42

M

AS and AR, urethral stenosis

+E. coli positive

Aortic paravalvular abscess formation

TMP-SMX→CTX + GM→ABPC+netilmicin

AV, AV ring abscess

AVR (MP)

A

7

Branger [16] 2005

60

F

Colic polyposis, AF, history of RF, IE, and post-AVR (BP)

Aortic regurgitation, CHF

AMPC/CVA + MNZ→AMPC+MNG + GM→CAZ + CPFX

AV (BP)

AVR (MP)

A

8

Branger [16] 2005

75

F

DM, HT, bilateral pyelonephritis, vesicular stenosis

+ E. coli positive

Cerebral infarction, mitraltendon rupture, renal failure

CTRX+OFLX

MV

MV annuloplasty

A

9

Branger [16] 2005

76

M

RF, MS→ Post-MVR (MP), colic diverticulosis, kidney cancer

Renal failure

AMPC/CVA + CPFX

MV (MP)

A

10

Branger [16] 2005

80

M

Ischemic cardiomyopathy, stroke, heart failure

Renal failure, Coxiella burnetii serology-positive, humeral osteomyelitis

AMPC+GM + DOXY+hydroxychloroquine

AV

D (1 month)

11

Branger [16] 2005

66

F

MS→post-MVR (MP)

+E. coli positive

Renal failure, MV ring abscess

IPM + GM→CTRX

MV (MP), MV ring abscess

MVR (BP)

A

12

Branger [16] 2005

82

F

DM, thyroid neoplasm

+ E. coli positive

Abscess formation, MV ring abscess, perforation, pneumonia

CTRX+OFLX→AMPC+GM

MV, MV ring abscess

MVR (BP)

A

13

Branger [16] 2005

76

F

RF, post-MVR (BP)

+

Renal failure, mitral regurgitation

Unknown

MV (BP)

Unknown

Unknown

14

Kulas [17] 2006

16

F

Puerperal onset after a cesarean section, MR

AMPC/CVA+ GM + MNZ+ oral CLDM

MV

A

15

Foley [18] 2010

31

F

Tricuspid regurgitation, septic emboli in the lung

MEPM+MNZ→Oral AMPC→IPM + GM

TV anterior leaflet

Resection of anterior TV leaflet

A

16

Tsutsumi [19] 2010

60

M

End-stage alcoholic liver disease, blunt injury of the left arm

Osteomyelitis of the left sacroiliac and right sternoclavicular joints, septic emboli in the lung

CTRX→MEPM→CTRX

TV anterior leaflet

A

17

Lauridsen [20] 2011

67

M

Acute acalculous cholecystitis

+E. coli positive

MR, valve perforation, LV pseudoaneurysm formation, CHF, spondylodiscitis, endophthalmitis

CXM + GM + MNZ→MEPM+GM

MV posterior leaflet

MVR (MP)

A

18

Fordyce [21] 2011

72

M

Post-biopsy of the prostate, sciatica, PAF, AS, MS, MR

+ E. coli positive

Transient complete atrioventricular block *ESBL-producing E. coli infection

CTRX→ Ertapenem→ IPM + GM

TV septal leaflet

A

19

Modi [22] 2011

62

F

MR→Post-MVR (BP), old CI, PC allergy

- *ESBL-producing E. coli infection

AZT + VCM→IPM

MV (BP)

A

20

Senel [23] 2012

60

M

Post-AVR (MP), post-hemorrhoidectomy

Unknown

First-degree atrioventricular block, pseudomembranous enteritis, AV ring abscess

SBT/ABPC→AMPC/CVA→SBT/ABPC+GM

AV (MP), AV ring abscess

AVR (MP)

A

21

Lupse [24] 2012

75

F

Post-cholecystectomy, biliary stenosis and stenting, AR, MR

-*ESBL-producing E. coli infection

SBT/ABPC→IPM

AV

A

22

Rangarajan [25] 2013

54

M

DM, HT, Post-meatotomy and circumcision

+

Severe MR, TIA, CHF, respiratory distress, renal dysfunction

SBT/CPZ + AMK→SBT/CPZ + LVFX

MV anterior leaflet

MVR (MP)

A

23

Gupta [26] 2013

0

M

PDA, VSD, trisomy 18

Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis

ABPC+GM→unknown

SVC-RA junction

A

24

Spaleniak [27] 2015

76

F

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Unknown

Renal failure *ESBL-producing E. coli infection

IPM + CPFX→IPM + AMK

MV anterior leaflet

A

25

Chen [28] 2015

46

F

Severe AR, bicuspid AV

+

Severe pulmonary hypertension, CHF

TAZ/PIPC +GM→CAZ + GM

AV and MV anterior leaflet

A

26

Tsai [29] 2015

40

M

IgA nephropathy, CRF on HD

Unknown

Necrotizing fasciitis, septic shock, intracranial hemorrhage

CAZ + VCM

LV details unknown

D (3 weeks)

27

Loubet [30] 2015

53

Unknown

DM, recent invasive procedure

+

-*ESBL-producing E. coli infection

IPM + AMK

AV

A

28

Loubet [30] 2015

82

Unknown

Post-AVR (BP), recent invasive procedure

+

Intracardiac abscess

Unknown

AV (BP)

+Details unknown

A

29

Loubet [30] 2015

74

Unknown

Post-MVR (MP)

Intracardiac abscess, systemic embolization

CTRX+AMK

MV (MP)

+Details unknown

A

30

Loubet [30] 2015

74

Unknown

DM, post-AVR (MP)

+

Intracardiac abscess

CTX + OFLX

AV (MP)

+Details unknown

D (9 months)

31

Menon [31] 2017

58

M

Post-renal transplant

+ E. coli positive

CTRX+AMK

AV

A

32

Kim [32] 2018

80

F

Thickened MV leaflets, DM, HT, history of pyelonephritis due to E. coli

+E. coli positive

Multiple cerebral and cerebellar infarctions, emphysematous IE *ESBL-producing E. coli infection

MEPM

MV annulus

D (39 days)

33

Akuzawa 2018

58

F

Alcohol abuse

Purulent spondylitis

SBT/ABPC +GM→MEPM+GM

MV anterior leaflet and chordae tendineae

A

  1. Abbreviations: A alive, ABPC aminobenzylpenicillin, AMPC amoxicillin, AF atrial fibrillation, AMK amikacin, AS aortic stenosis, AR aortic regurgitation, AV aortic valve, AVR aortic valve replacement, AZT aztreonam, BP biological prosthesis, CAZ ceftazidime, CFX cefoxitin, CHF congestive heart failure, CI cerebral infarction, CLDM clindamycin, CPFX ciprofloxacin, CPZ cefoperazone, CRF chronic renal failure, CTRX ceftriaxone, CTX cefotaxime, CVA clavulanate, CXM cefuroxime, CZX ceftizoxime, D dead, DM diabetes mellitus, DOXY doxycycline, ESBL extended-spectrum β-lactamase, F female, GM gentamicin, HD hemodialysis, HT hypertension, IE endocarditis, IVS interventricular septum, IPM imipenem, LV left ventricle, M male, MNZ metronidazole, MEPM meropenem, MP mechanical prosthesis, MR mitral regurgitation, MS mitral stenosis, MV mitral valve, MVR mitral valve replacement, OFLX ofloxacin, PAF paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, PC penicillin, PDA patent ductus arteriosus, PIPC piperacillin, PV pulmonary valve, RA right atrium, RCC right coronary cusp, RF rheumatic fever, SBT sulbactam, SVC superior vena cava, TAZ tazobactam, TMP-SMX trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, TV tricuspid valve, UTI urinary tract infection, VCM vancomycin, VSD ventricular septal defect. *ESBL-producing E. coli infection (highlighted by underlining)