Table 1 Sociodemographic and medical factors in coronary patients with normal blood glucose, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
Normal blood glucose | Prediabetes | Type 2 diabetes | P-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 356, 32.4%) | (n = 484, 44.1%) | (n = 243, 22.4%) | Normal blood glucose vs. prediabetes | Type 2 diabetes vs. prediabetes | |
Socio-demographic factors | |||||
Age in years at index event, mean (SD) | 59.4 (9.9) | 63.3 (8.9) | 62.3 (9.1) | *** | N.S. |
Number of months from index event to follow-up, mean (SD) | 16.2 (10.3) | 17.0 (10.5) | 18.3 (10.5) | N.S. | N.S. |
Female sex, n (%) | 69 (19.4) | 108 (22.3) | 49 (20.2) | N.S. | N.S. |
Ethnic minority, n (%)a | 5 (1.4) | 10 (2.1) | 18 (7.4) | N.S. | *** |
Living alone, n (%) | 57 (16.0) | 84 (17.4) | 50 (21.7) | N.S. | N.S. |
Low education, n (%)b | 221 (62.1) | 346 (71.5) | 181 (76.1) | ** | N.S. |
Medical factors | |||||
Coronary index diagnosis, n (%) | |||||
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction | 170 (47.8) | 247 (51.0) | 123 (40.1) | N.S. | * |
ST-elevation myocardial infarction | 111 (31.1) | 148 (30.6) | 58 (23.9) | N.S. | N.S. |
Stable or unstable angina | 75 (21.1) | 89 (18.4) | 62 (25.5) | N.S. | N.S. |
> 1 coronary event prior to the index event, n (%) | 91 (25.6) | 119 (24.6) | 113 (46.5) | N.S. | *** |
Participation in cardiac rehabilitation, n (%) | 183 (51.4) | 206 (42.6) | 139 (57.2) | * | *** |
Charlson co-morbidity score, mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.4) | 4.1 (1.3) | 4.8 (1.5) | *** | *** |
Chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60), n (%) | 30 (8.4) | 58 (12.0) | 45 (20.3) | N.S. | * |
Antidepressant medication at the time of the index event, n (%) | 16 (4.5) | 16 (3.3) | 21 (8.6) | N.S. | ** |
Coronary risk factors and medication at interview | |||||
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2.15 (0.73) | 2.09 (0.80) | 2.07 (0.84) | N.S. | N.S. |
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.8 mmol/L, n (%) | 222 (62.4) | 273 (56.4) | 122 (51.0) | N.S. | N.S. |
High density lipoprotein cholesterol mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.19 (0.34) | 1.16 (0.32) | 1.02 (0.30) | N.S. | *** |
Current smoking, n (%) | 49 (13.8) | 115 (23.8) | 53 (22.7) | *** | N.S. |
C-reactive protein in mg/L, mean (SD) | 2.06 (2.13) | 2.37 (2.73) | 3.22 (2.89) | N.S. | *** |
C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L, n (%) | 123 (35.5) | 172 (36.6) | 131 (56.5) | N.S. | *** |
Physical activity < 30 min of moderate activity 2–3 times a week, n (%) | 158 (44.5) | 227 (48.4) | 129 (54.2) | N.S. | N.S. |
Physical activity < 1 time a week, n (%) | 53 (14.9) | 73 (15.1) | 59 (24.9) | N.S. | ** |
Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 (80 in diabetes) mmHg, n (%) | 118 (33.1) | 198 (44.0) | 129 (60.6) | *** | *** |
Waist circumference, mean (SD) | 100.1 (11.1) | 101.3 (12.1) | 108.5 (12.6) | N.S. | *** |
Waist circumference ≥ 102/88 cm in men/women, n (%) | 168 (51.5) | 258 (57.5) | 164 (76.6) | N.S. | *** |
Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m2, n (%) | 84 (23.6) | 133 (27.5) | 116 (54.2) | N.S. | *** |
Fruit and vegetables < 2 units/day, n (%) | 132 (37.6) | 187 (38.6) | 92 (39.7) | N.S. | N.S. |
Fish meals < 3 times/week, n (%) | 171 (48.0) | 213 (44.0) | 118 (48.6) | N.S. | N.S. |
Medication at interview, n (%) | |||||
Statin, n (%) | 332 (93.3) | 451 (93.2) | 224 (92.2) | N.S. | N.S. |
High-intensity statin therapy, n (%) | 168 (47.2) | 247 (51.0) | 104 (55.9) | N.S. | N.S. |
Aspirin, n (%) | 351 (98.6) | 467 (96.5) | 235 (96.7) | N.S. | N.S. |
Beta-blockers, n (%) | 248 (69.7) | 349 (72.1) | 188 (77.4) | N.S. | N.S. |
ACE-inhibitors or ARB, n (%) | 166 (46.6) | 232 (47.9) | 143 (58.8) | N.S. | ** |
Low Morisky Scorec, n (%) | 38 (10.7) | 40 (8.3) | 22 (9.6) | N.S. | N.S. |