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Fig. 2 | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Fig. 2

From: Selection of essential medicines for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in low and middle income countries

Fig. 2

a- Percentage of 34 countries with essential medicines selected for treatment of acute cardiovascular events (ischemic stroke, stable ischemic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome). Thrombolytic agents includes streptokinase and urokinase as well as recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (rt-PAs) such as alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase. Platelet inhibitors include either acetylsalicylic acid or ADP-receptor blockers (e.g. clopidogrel). Selective beta-blocker here refers to β1-selective agents, including: metoprolol, bisoprolol, acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, esmolol, nebivolol. Heparin-like medicines includes unfractionated heparin (UFH) as well as low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) e.g. enoxaparin. Ischemic stroke includes both transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to unstable angina pectoris (AP), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI. Treatment of complications of ACS also requires atropine, which was out of the scope of this study. b - Percentage of 34 countries with essential medicines selected for treatment of acute cardiovascular events (heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, acute limb ischemia). RAAS inhibitors: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, from which angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are included in the table. Selective beta-blocker here refers to β1-selective agents, including: metoprolol, bisoprolol, acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, esmolol, nebivolol. Dopamine* includes dopamine, dobuamine, milrinone. Medicines for pharmacological cardioversion are flecainide, dofetilide, propafenone, ibutilide, amiodarone. Medicines for maintaining sinus rhythm are amiodarone, dofetilide, dronedarone, flecainide, propafenone, sotalol. Oral anticoagulants include both vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin) as well as direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC; dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban). Medicines for management of claudicatio intermittens include cilostazol or naftidrofuryl. Thrombolytic agents includes streptokinase and urokinase as well as recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (rt-PAs) such as alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase. Platelet inhibitors include either acetylsalicylic acid or ADP-receptor blockers (e.g. clopidogrel)

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