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Table 1 The association of incident CHF with neck circumference according to AHI categories

From: The association of neck circumference with incident congestive heart failure and coronary heart disease mortality in a community-based population with or without sleep-disordered breathing

 

Quartiles of neck circumference

 

Q1 (low)

Q2

Q3

Q4 (high)

Overall tendency

AHI < 5#

 Subjects, n

805

655

491

283

 

 Events, n (%)

39 (4.8)

45 (6.9)

49 (10.0)

30 (10.6)

 

 Univariate Model

1 (Ref)

1.457 (0.949–2.238)

2.197 (1.443–3.346)

2.341 (1.455–3.769)

1.095 (1.054–1.137)

 Multivariate Model 1

1 (Ref)

0.997 (0.630–1.577)

1.738 (0.982–3.077)

2.265 (1.074–4.777)

1.111 (1.034–1.194)

 Multivariate Model 2

1 (Ref)

0.891 (0.561–1.415)

1.386 (0.780–2.463)

1.762 (0.850–3.650)

1.080 (1.008–1.157)

 Multivariate Model 3

1 (Ref)

0.844 (0.522–1.364)

1.419 (0.778–2.589)

1.668 (0.765–3.638)

1.082 (1.003–1.166)

AHI ≥ 5*

 Subjects, n

304

455

681

759

 

 Events, n (%)

31(10.2)

51(11.2)

83(12.2)

86(11.3)

 

 Univariate Model

1 (Ref)

1.086 (0.695–1.697)

1.196 (0.792–1.807)

1.107 (0.734–1.669)

1.004 (0.974–1.035)

 Multivariate Model 1

1 (Ref)

1.051 (0.662–1.670)

1.065 (0.646–1.757)

1.107 (0.600–2.041)

0.999 (0.948–1.054)

 Multivariate Model 2

1 (Ref)

0.972 (0.609–1.550)

0.969 (0.587–1.599)

0.995 (0.544–1.820)

0.996 (0.947–1.049)

 Multivariate Model 3

1 (Ref)

0.870 (0.533–1.418)

0.807 (0.480–1.357)

0.690 (0.364–1.309)

0.965 (0.912–1.022)

  1. Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, and BMI
  2. Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and waist circumference
  3. Model 3 adjusted for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, AHI, smoking status, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, history of diabetes, and history of hypertension
  4. Results are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). CHF congestive heart failure, AHI apnoea-hypopnea index (the average number of episodes of apnoea and/or hypopnea per hour of sleep), BMI body mass index
  5. #P value for the overall tendency of neck circumference modelled as a continuous variable was <0.001, 0.004, 0.029, 0.040 in the univariate model, multivariate model 1, model 2, and model 3, respectively
  6. *P value for the overall tendency of neck circumference modelled as a continuous variable was 0.809, 0.978, 0.893, and 0.225 in univariate model, multivariate model 1, model 2, and model 3, respectively