Table 5 Predictors of increasing costs
From: Cost-of-illness studies in heart failure: a systematic review 2004–2016
Reference | Predictors of increasing costs (x times higher costs) |
|---|---|
Stafylas, 2016 | • NYHA stage • Kidney dysfunction |
Lee, 2016 [31] | • Age > = 65 (1.6) • Number of hospitalizations (9.7 for one hospitalization) |
Bogner, 2010 [24] | • Diabetes mellitus (0.4) |
Dunlay, 2011 [34] | • Diabetes mellitus (0.25) • Ejection fraction > = 50 (0.24) |
Liao, 2006 [25] | • NYHA stage (NYHA 4–0.77, NYHA 3–0.12) • Kidney dysfunction (creatinine > = 1.4 mg/dl – 0.48) • Coronary artery disease (0.32) • COPD (0.38) • Hypertension (0.27) |
Liao, 2007 [23] | • NYHA stage (NYHA 3/4–0.41) • Coronary artery disease (0.66) • Kidney dysfunction (0.13) • COPD (0.44) |
Delgado, 2013 | • NYHA stage (NYHA 3/4: 0.6–0.8 times higher costs than NYHA 2) |