Age (years)
|
53.86 ± 10.54
|
53.39 ± 10.32
|
54.42 ± 10.78
|
< 0.001
|
Race (Han) (%)
|
10,681 (94.9)
|
5769 (94.9)
|
4912 (94.8)
|
0.893
|
Primary school or below (%)
|
5629 (50.0)
|
3459 (56.9)
|
2710 (41.9)
|
< 0.001
|
Family income > 20,000 CNY/year (%)
|
3709 (32.9)
|
2014 (33.1)
|
1695 (32.7)
|
0.008
|
Low physical activity (%)
|
3336 (29.6)
|
2171 (35.7)
|
1165 (22.5)
|
< 0.001
|
Diet score
|
2.32 ± 1.13
|
2.13 ± 1.11
|
2.54 ± 1.10
|
< 0.001
|
Current smoker (%)
|
3959 (35.2)
|
996 (16.4)
|
2963 (57.2)
|
< 0.001
|
Current drinker (%)
|
2523 (22.4)
|
177 (2.9)
|
2346 (45.3)
|
< 0.001
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
141.69 ± 23.40
|
140.09 ± 24.02
|
143.57 ± 22.51
|
< 0.001
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
82.04 ± 11.75
|
80.57 ± 11.53
|
83.76 ± 11.78
|
< 0.001
|
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
|
5.91 ± 1.63
|
5.87 ± 1.61
|
5.95 ± 1.67
|
0.007
|
TG (mmol/L)
|
1.24 (0.88–1.89)
|
1.26 (0.90–1.91)
|
1.23 (0.86–1.88)
|
0.017
|
HDL-C (mmol/L)
|
1.41 ± 0.38
|
1.41 ± 0.34
|
1.41 ± 0.42
|
0.717
|
TG/HDL-C ratio
|
0.92 (0.59–1.54)
|
0.93 (0.60–1.53)
|
0.91 (0.58–1.57)
|
0.566
|
WC (cm)
|
82.43 ± 9.82
|
81.29 ± 9.73
|
83.76 ± 9.76
|
< 0.001
|
Height (m)
|
1.61 ± 0.08
|
1.56 ± 0.06
|
1.66 ± 0.06
|
< 0.001
|
WHtR
|
0.51 ± 0.06
|
0.50 ± 0.06
|
0.52 ± 0.06
|
< 0.001
|
Hypertension (%)
|
5738 (51.0)
|
2949 (48.5)
|
2789 (53.9)
|
< 0.001
|
Diabetes (%)
|
1175 (10.4)
|
662 (10.9)
|
513 (9.9)
|
0.089
|
Antihypertensive drug (%)a
|
1701 (15.1)
|
1034 (17.0)
|
667 (12.9)
|
< 0.001
|
Antidiabetic drug (%)a
|
449 (4.0)
|
294 (4.8)
|
155 (3.0)
|
< 0.001
|
Lipid-lowering drug (%)a
|
371 (3.3)
|
211 (3.5)
|
160 (3.1)
|
0.258
|
History of CVD
|
Coronary heart disease (%)
|
580 (5.2)
|
363 (6.0)
|
217 (4.2)
|
< 0.001
|
Arrhythmia (%)
|
617 (5.5)
|
421 (6.9)
|
196 (3.8)
|
< 0.001
|
Heart failure (%)
|
104 (0.9)
|
58 (1.0)
|
46 (0.9)
|
0.716
|
CMI
|
0.47 (0.29–0.82)
|
0.48 (0.30–0.83)
|
0.46 (0.27–0.82)
|
0.002
|
LAP (cm·mmol/L)
|
25.44 (13.39–47.38)
|
28.31 (16.17–50.95)
|
21.95 (10.71–43.60)
|
< 0.001
|
ECG measures
|
LVIDD (cm)
|
4.74 ± 0.46
|
4.54 ± 0.41
|
4.89 ± 0.45
|
< 0.001
|
IVST (cm)
|
0.89 ± 0.28
|
0.86 ± 0.26
|
0.92 ± 0.30
|
< 0.001
|
PWT (cm)
|
0.87 ± 0.31
|
0.85 ± 0.33
|
0.90 ± 0.29
|
< 0.001
|
LVWT (cm)
|
2.79 ± 0.28
|
2.69 ± 0.25
|
2.90 ± 0.27
|
< 0.001
|
RWT
|
0.38 ± 0.33
|
0.39 ± 0.41
|
0.37 ± 0.20
|
0.050
|
LVM (g)
|
132.32 (113.63–158.21)
|
122.26 (105.33–137.72)
|
147.78 (128.02–174.52)
|
< 0.001
|
LVMI (g/m2.7)
|
36.99 (31.98–43.43)
|
36.69 (31.52–42.84)
|
37.40 (32.46–44.13)
|
< 0.001
|
LVEDV (ml)
|
104.17 ± 22.95
|
95.87 ± 19.17
|
113.94 ± 23.18
|
< 0.001
|
LVESV (ml)
|
39.45 ± 13.60
|
36.16 ± 11.68
|
43.34 ± 14.64
|
< 0.001
|
LVEDVI (ml/m2.7)
|
29.07 ± 6.35
|
29.18 ± 6.29
|
28.93 ± 6.42
|
0.037
|
LVESVI (ml/m2.7)
|
11.01 ± 3.76
|
11.00 ± 3.65
|
11.01 ± 3.88
|
0.902
|
LV ejection fraction (%)
|
62.05 ± 10.02
|
62.22 ± 9.76
|
61.85 ± 10.31
|
0.048
|
Normal geometry
|
8780 (78.0)
|
4656 (76.6)
|
4124 (79.6)
|
< 0.001
|
Concentric LV remodeling
|
792 (7.0)
|
466 (7.7)
|
326 (6.3)
|
0.005
|
Eccentric LVH
|
1185 (10.5)
|
689 (11.3)
|
496 (9.6)
|
0.002
|
Concentric LVH
|
501 (4.5)
|
268 (4.4)
|
233 (4.5)
|
0.817
|