Fig. 5

Adverse events with device closure versus medical therapy. Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (a), pulmonary embolism (b), major bleeding (c) and any serious adverse events (d) with device closure versus medical therapy. Gore CLOSURE I = Evaluation of the STARFlex Septal Closure System in Patients with a Stroke and/or Transient Ischemic Attack due to Presumed Paradoxical Embolism; CLOSE = the Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulants versus Antiplatelet Therapy to Prevent Stroke Recurrence; PC = Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Cryptogenic Embolism; REDUCE = Gore HELEX Septal Occluder and Antiplatelet Medical Management for Reduction of Recurrent Stroke or Imaging-Confirmed TIA in Patients with Patent Foramen Ovale; RESPECT = Randomized Evaluation of Recurrent Stroke Comparing PFO Closure to Established Current Standard of Care Treatment