Fig. 1

The composite outcome of recurrent stroke, TIA and all-cause death with device closure versus medical therapy. CLOSURE I = Evaluation of the STARFlex Septal Closure System in Patients with a Stroke and/or Transient Ischemic Attack due to Presumed Paradoxical Embolism; CLOSE = the Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulants versus Antiplatelet Therapy to Prevent Stroke Recurrence; PC = Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Cryptogenic Embolism; RESPECT = Randomized Evaluation of Recurrent Stroke Comparing PFO Closure to Established Current Standard of Care Treatment