Table 6 Levels of evidence and outcome measures in Heart Failure studies
From: Smartphones in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review
Scherr, 2006 | Scherr, 2009 | Seto, 2012 | Vuorinen 214 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Country of Origin | Austria | Austria | Canada | Finland |
Levels of evidence | ||||
Design | FUU | RCT | RCT | RCT |
Level of Evidence* | IV | II | II | II |
CASP score** | n/a | 6 | 8 | 8 |
Theoretical framework | ✓ | |||
Outcome measures | ||||
Technology | ||||
Reliability | ✓ | |||
Feasibility | ✓ | |||
Clinical utility | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Usability | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Acceptability | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Adherence | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Usage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Task completion | ✓ | |||
Patient | ||||
Patient satisfaction | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Qualitative feedback | ✓ | ✓ | ||
QOL | ✓ | |||
Self-care | ✓ | ✓ | ||
NYHA class | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
LVEF | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
BP and HR | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Weight | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
ECG | ✓ | |||
Medication use | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Biochemistry | ✓ | ✓ | ||
BNP | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Mortality | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Health service utilization | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Economic evaluation | None of these smartphone heart failure studies included a health economic analysis | |||