Table 1 Study characteristics
Study, year | No of patients | Drugs | Baseline characteristics | Follow-up, w | Cause of heart failure | Risk factors | Jadad Score | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Control | Men,% | Age, y | LVEF, % | MI, % | HTN,% | ICM, % | NICM, % | VHD, % | DM, % | HTN,% | AF,% | ||||
ARBs vs Controls | ||||||||||||||||
 Havranek [43], 1999 | 218 | Irbesartan | Placebo | 82 | 60 | ≤0.40 | 12 | – | – | 67 | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
 STRETCH [45], 1999 | 844 | Candesartan | Placebo | 68 | 62 | 0.35–0.45 | 12 | – | 29 | 71 | 2 | 2 | – | – | – | 4 |
 SPICE [44], 2000 | 270 | Candesartan | Placebo | 69 | 66 | <0.35 | 12 | – | 4 | 71 | 16 | 11 | 48 | 34 | 24 | 5 |
 ARCH-J [47], 2003 | 292 | Candesartan | Placebo | 78 | 64 | ≤0.45 | 24 | 25 | 7 | – | 57 | 8 | – | – | – | 4 |
 Val-HeFT [46], 2001 | 5010 | Valsartan | Placebo | 80 | 63 | ≤0.40 | 100 | – | 7 | 57 | 31 | – | 26 | – | 12 | 5 |
 CHARM-Alternative [13], 2003 | 2028 | Candesartan | Placebo | 68 | 67 | ≤0.40 | 135 | – | 6 | 68 | – | – | 27 | 50 | 25 | 5 |
ARBs vs ACEIs | ||||||||||||||||
 REPLACE [42], 2001 | 378 | Telmisartan | Enalapril | 89 | 64 | ≤0.40 | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 |
 HEAVEN [40], 2002 | 141 | Valsartan | Enalapril | 75 | 67 | ≤0.45 | 12 | – | – | 87 | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
 Dickstein [39], 1995 | 166 | Losartan | Enalapril | 78 | 64 | <0.35 | 12 | – | – | 69 | 3 | 12 | – | 23 | – | 3 |
 ELITE [14], 1997 | 722 | Losartan | Captopril | 67 | 73 | ≤0.40 | 48 | – | – | 68 | – | – | 25 | 57 | 23 | 4 |
 ELITE II [10], 2000 | 3152 | Losartan | Captopril | 70 | 71 | ≤0.40 | 72 | – | – | – | – | – | 24 | 49 | 30 | 5 |
 RESOLVD [12], 1999 | 768 | Candesartan | Enalapril | 84 | 63 | <0.40 | 43 | – | – | 72 | – | – | – | – | – | 5 |
 OPTIMAAL [9], 2002 | 5477 | Losartan | Captopril | 71 | 67 | <0.35 | 130 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 36 | 10 | 5 |
 VALIANT [11], 2003 | 14,703 | Valsartan | Captopril | 69 | 65 | ≤0.35–0.45 | 107 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 55 | – | 5 |
 Lang [41], 1997 | 116 | Losartan | Enalapril | 78 | 58 | ≤0.45 | 12 | – | 4 | 47 | 44 | 3 | – | – | – | 3 |
ACEIs vs Controls | ||||||||||||||||
 AIRE [2], 1993 | 1986 | Ramipril | Placebo | 74 | 65 | – | 60 | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | 28 | – | 5 |
 Balpitt [23], 1998 | 169 | Captopril | Placebo | – | – | – | 24 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
 CASSIS [24], 1995 | 96 | Enalapril | Placebo | 83 | 58 | <0.40 | 12 | – | – | 70 | 30 | – | 23 | – | – | 3 |
 Chalmers [25], 1987 | 130 | Lisinopril | Placebo | 69 | 58 | – | 12 | – | 13 | 48 | 30 | 8 | – | – | – | 2 |
 Colfer [26], 1992 | 172 | Benazepril | Placebo | – | – | ≤0.35 | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
 CONSENSUS [3], 1987 | 253 | Enalapril | Placebo | 70 | 71 | – | 27 | – | – | 73 | 15 | 26 | 23 | 25 | 58 | 3 |
 FEST [27], 1995 | 308 | Fosinopril | Placebo | 74 | 63 | ≤0.35 | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 |
 FHFSG [28], 1995 | 241 | Fosinopril | Placebo | 80 | 62 | ≤0.35 | 24 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
 Lechat [29], 1993 | 125 | Perindopril | Placebo | – | – | – | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
 Newman [30], 1988 | 105 | Captopril | Placebo | – | – | – | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
 SAVE [4], 1992 | 2231 | Captopril | Placebo | 82 | 59 | ≤0.40 | 144 | 100 | – | – | – | – | 21 | 43 | – | 5 |
 SOLVD [5], 1991 | 2569 | Enalapril | Placebo | 80 | 61 | ≤0.35 | 166 | – | – | – | – | – | 26 | 42 | 10 | 5 |
 TRACE [6], 1995 | 1749 | Trandolapril | Placebo | 72 | 68 | ≤0.35 | 96–200 | 100 | – | – | – | – | 14 | 23 | – | 5 |
 Aguilar [31], 1999 | 345 | Captopril | Digoxin | 68 | 63 | – | 216 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
 CARMEN [32], 2008 | 381 | Enalapril | Carvedilol | 80 | 62 | <0.40 | 72 | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | 32 | 17 | 4 |
 CIBIS III [33], 2011 | 217 | Enalapril | Bisoprolol | 71 | 73 | ≤0.35 | 96 | – | 25 | 61 | 12 | 12 | 21 | 59 | 54 | 5 |
 Cowley [34], 1994 | 209 | Captopril | Flosequinan | – | – | – | 48 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
 Dohmen [35], 1997 | 266 | Captopril | Ibopamine | 84 | 62 | <0.40 | 24 | – | 6 | 67 | 27 | – | 8 | – | 15 | 3 |
 Hy-C [36], 1992 | 104 | Captopril | Hydralazine | 86 | 52 | 0.2(m) | 32 | – | – | 59 | 34 | 4 | – | – | 17 | 3 |
 IMPRESS [37], 2007 | 573 | Lisinopril | Omapatrilat | 89 | 64 | – | >40 | – | 4 | 66 | 24 | 3 | – | – | – | 5 |
 Northridge [38], 1999 | 45 | Captopril | Candoxatril | 87 | 63 | <0.40 | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
 OVERTURE [7], 2002 | 5770 | Enalapril | Omapatrilat | 79 | 63 | ≤0.30 | 58 | – | – | 56 | – | – | 31 | – | – | 5 |
 V-HeFT II [8], 1991 | 804 | Enalapril | Nitrates | – | 61 | <0.45 | 96 | – | – | – | – | – | 20 | 48 | 14 | 3 |