From: Medical and sociodemographic factors predict persistent smoking after coronary events
Study factors | Model 1 (OR, 95% CI) | p-value | Model 2 (OR, 95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crudea | Multi-adjustedb | |||
Sociodemographic factors | ||||
Mean age at index event (OR per year) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | p = 0.05 | 0.97 (0.90–1.03) | p = 0.27 |
Time since the index event (OR per year) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | p = 0.05 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | p = 0.41 |
Female gender | 1.09 (0.68–1.75) | p = 0.71 | 2.17 (0.85–5.52) | p = 0.10 |
Living alone | 1.69 (1.01–2.82) | p < 0.05 | 1.23 (0.48–3.11) | p = 0.67 |
Low education | 2.20 (1.36–3.57) | p = 0.001 | 3.35 (1.43–7.81) | p < 0.01 |
Unemployed or on disability benefits | 3.01 (1.81–5.02) | p < 0.001 | 4.12 (1.80–9.41) | p = 0.001 |
Medical factors | ||||
Not having ST-elevation infarction as index event | 1.53 (1.02–2.29) | p < 0.05 | 2.30 (1.08–4.40) | p < 0.05 |
More than 1 coronary event | 2.30 (1.42–3.72) | p = 0.001 | 1.53 (0.63–3.72) | p = 0.35 |
Participation in cardiac rehabilitation | 0.62 (0.41–0.92) | p < 0.05 | 0.78 (0.38–1.60) | p = 0.50 |
Charlson co-morbidity sum score | 1.12 (0.96–1.32 | p = 0.14 | ||
Duration of smoking (years) | 2.93 (1.62–2.71) | p < 0.001 | 2.34 (1.41–3.88) | p = 0.001 |
Psychosocial factors | ||||
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score - total > 11 | 1.06 (0.70–1.62) | p = 0.78 | ||
Type D personality | 1.03 (0.65–1.65) | p = 0.89 | ||
Worry score (PSWQc) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | p = 0.87 | ||
Insomniad | 1.10 (0.73–1.65) | p = 0.65 | ||
Perceived risk (1–10 Likert scale) | ||||
What do you feel is the likelihood of having a new heart attack over the next 12 months? | 1.15 (1.05–1.25) | p < 0.01 | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | p = 0.93 |
How much do you feel you can help reduce your risk of having another heart attack? | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) | p < 0.05 | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | p = 0.09 |
How much do you think you will have to restrict your activities in the long-term du to your heart condition? | 1.17 (1.08–1.27) | p < 0.001 | 1.00 (0.87–1.17) | p = 0.90 |
Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (1–10 Likert scale) | ||||
How much does your illness affect your life? (consequences) | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) | p = 0.76 | ||
How long do you think your illness will continue? (timeline) | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) | p = 0.45 | ||
How much control do you feel you have over your illness? (personal control) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | p = 0.16 | ||
How much do you think your treatment can help you? (treatment control) | 0.80 (0.72–0.88) | p < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.75–1.02) | p = 0.09 |
How much do you experience symptoms from your illness? (identity) | 0.83 (0.92–1.07) | p = 0.83 | ||
How concerned are you about your illness? (concern) | 0.98 (0.93–1.06) | p = 0.74 | ||
How well do you feel you understand your illness? (understanding) | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | p = 0.41 | ||
How much does your illness affect you emotionally? (emotional response) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | p = 0.19 |