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Table 3 Odds ratios for persistent smoking after the coronary index event calculated with logistic regression analysis

From: Medical and sociodemographic factors predict persistent smoking after coronary events

Study factors

Model 1 (OR, 95% CI)

p-value

Model 2 (OR, 95% CI)

p-value

Crudea

Multi-adjustedb

Sociodemographic factors

 Mean age at index event (OR per year)

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

p = 0.05

0.97 (0.90–1.03)

p = 0.27

 Time since the index event (OR per year)

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

p = 0.05

1.01 (0.98–1.05)

p = 0.41

 Female gender

1.09 (0.68–1.75)

p = 0.71

2.17 (0.85–5.52)

p = 0.10

 Living alone

1.69 (1.01–2.82)

p < 0.05

1.23 (0.48–3.11)

p = 0.67

 Low education

2.20 (1.36–3.57)

p = 0.001

3.35 (1.43–7.81)

p < 0.01

 Unemployed or on disability benefits

3.01 (1.81–5.02)

p < 0.001

4.12 (1.80–9.41)

p = 0.001

Medical factors

 Not having ST-elevation infarction as index event

1.53 (1.02–2.29)

p < 0.05

2.30 (1.08–4.40)

p < 0.05

 More than 1 coronary event

2.30 (1.42–3.72)

p = 0.001

1.53 (0.63–3.72)

p = 0.35

 Participation in cardiac rehabilitation

0.62 (0.41–0.92)

p < 0.05

0.78 (0.38–1.60)

p = 0.50

 Charlson co-morbidity sum score

1.12 (0.96–1.32

p = 0.14

  

 Duration of smoking (years)

2.93 (1.62–2.71)

p < 0.001

2.34 (1.41–3.88)

p = 0.001

Psychosocial factors

 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score - total > 11

1.06 (0.70–1.62)

p = 0.78

  

 Type D personality

1.03 (0.65–1.65)

p = 0.89

  

 Worry score (PSWQc)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

p = 0.87

  

 Insomniad

1.10 (0.73–1.65)

p = 0.65

  

Perceived risk (1–10 Likert scale)

 What do you feel is the likelihood of having a new heart attack over the next 12 months?

1.15 (1.05–1.25)

p < 0.01

1.01 (0.86–1.18)

p = 0.93

 How much do you feel you can help reduce your risk of having another heart attack?

0.91 (0.84–0.99)

p < 0.05

0.88 (0.76–1.02)

p = 0.09

 How much do you think you will have to restrict your activities in the long-term du to your heart condition?

1.17 (1.08–1.27)

p < 0.001

1.00 (0.87–1.17)

p = 0.90

Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (1–10 Likert scale)

 How much does your illness affect your life? (consequences)

0.99 (0.92–1.06)

p = 0.76

  

 How long do you think your illness will continue? (timeline)

0.98 (0.91–1.04)

p = 0.45

  

 How much control do you feel you have over your illness? (personal control)

0.95 (0.88–1.02)

p = 0.16

  

 How much do you think your treatment can help you? (treatment control)

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

p < 0.001

0.88 (0.75–1.02)

p = 0.09

 How much do you experience symptoms from your illness? (identity)

0.83 (0.92–1.07)

p = 0.83

  

 How concerned are you about your illness? (concern)

0.98 (0.93–1.06)

p = 0.74

  

 How well do you feel you understand your illness? (understanding)

0.97 (0.89–1.05)

p = 0.41

  

 How much does your illness affect you emotionally? (emotional response)

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

p = 0.19

  
  1. Quitted smoking after the index event is the reference category
  2. aModel 1, crude analyses
  3. bModel 2, multi-adjusted with including all variables with p < 0.1 in crude analysis (adjusted for all variables included in the model)
  4. cWorry was assessed by the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), a 16 item measure of pathological worry
  5. dMeasured by Bergen insomnia Scale