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Table 4 Factors associated with metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients

From: Risk factors of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Variable

MetS= Yes, n (%)

COR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

Gender

Men

44 (37.9)

1.00

 

1.00

 

women

72 (62.1)

1.6 (0.97–2.74)

0.06

1.7 (0.66–4.4)

0.27

Residence:

Rural

20 (17.2)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Urban

96 (82.8)

2.3 (1.2–4.2)

0.007

1.3 (0.54–3.1)

0.54

Age in years:

≤30

2 (1.7)

1.00

 

1.00

 

31–45

31 (26.7)

5.7 (1.16–27.8)

0.03

5.8 (0.54–3.1)

0.08

46–60

41 (35.3)

4.8 (1.0–22.9)

0.05

4.5 (0.62–32.8)

0.14

≥61

42 (36.2)

6.8 (1.4–32.7)

0.02

8.2 (1.1–62.4)

0.04

Marital status:

Single

5 (4.3)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Married

106 (91.4)

2.5 (1.1–74)

0.03

7.2 (1.4–35.9)

0.02

Divorced/widowed

5 (4.3)

13 (1.2–140.7)

0.02

16.4 (1.1–244.2)

0.04

Occupation:

Farmer

11 (9.5)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Employed

36 (31.0)

2.2 (0.93–5.26)

0.07

0.86 (0.24–3.07)

0.81

Housewife

49 (42.2)

3.36 (1.4–7.9)

0.006

2.1 (0.56–7.93)

0.27

Retirement pension

11 (9.5)

4.1 (1.25–13.5)

0.02

5.3 (1.1–25.9)

0.04

Merchants

9 (7.8)

1.27 (0.42–3.8)

0.67

1.0 (0.22–4.76)

0.97

Monthly income:

No income/dependent

8 (6.9)

1.00

 

1.00

 

<1000 birr

50 (43.1)

2.6 (1.1–61)

0.02

2.2 (0.74–6.55)

0.15

1001–2000 birr

31 (26.7)

6.0 (2.3–15.8)

<0.0001

3.6 (1.1–12.5)

0.04

>2001 birr

27 (23.3)

4.2 (1.6–10.8)

0.003

5.8 (1.5–22.3)

0.01

BMI, Kg/m2:

Normal (18.5–24.9)

30 (25.9)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Underweight (<18.5)

4 (3.4)

0.57 (0.15–2.19)

0.42

0.89 (0.17–4.5)

0.89

Overweight (25–29.9)

49 (42.2)

3.5 (1.9–6.4)

<0.0001

2.8 (1.4–5.9)

0.005

Obese (≥30)

33 (28.4)

9.5 (3.9–22.9)

<0.0001

10.7 (3.8–29.8)

<0.0001

Duration since the diagnosis of HTN

<5 years

73 (62.1)

1.00

 

1.00

 

6–10 years

21 (18.1)

0.73 (0.38–1.38)

0.33

0.61 (0.27–1.38)

0.24

>11 years

22 (19.0)

2.5 (1.1–57)

0.02

2.0 (0.75–5.5)

0.16

Doing exercises regularly:

Yes

25 (21.6)

1.00

 

1.00

 

No

91 (78.4)

1.7 (0.95–3.0)

0.07

1.9 (0.89–4.3)

0.09

FHCD

No

84 (72.4)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Diabetes

12 (10.3)

2.5 (0.89–6.8)

0.08

1.4 (0.36–5.4)

0.62

Hypertension

20 (17.2)

2.1 (0.95–4.4)

0.06

2.3 (0.9–5.9)

0.08

Intensity of Physical activity:

Low

52 (44.8)

057 (0.26–1.22)

0.15

0.61 (0.22–1.74)

0.36

Moderate

43 (37.1)

0.61 (0.27–1.35)

0.22

0.5 (0.18–1.4)

0.19

High

21 (18.1)

1.00

 

1.00

 
  1. AOR adjusted odds ratio, BMI body mass index, COR crude odds ratio, CI Confidence Interval, DM diabetes, FHCD familial history of chronic diseases, HTN hypertension; income in Ethiopian birr (1ETH birr = 0.044USD)