Table 1 The clinical characteristics of participants in each group

Age

49.9 ± 9.4

56.9 ± 10.3^*

58.3 ± 9.0^#†

Males, n (%)

2146 (43.0%)

2200 (49.3%)

353 (43.2%)^**

Han ethnicity, n (%)

4743 (95.1%)

4236 (94.9%)

778 (95.1%)

Height, cm

161.0 ± 8.0

160.3 ± 8.3^*

159.7 ± 8.4^#

Weight, kg

62.2 ± 10.7

65.4 ± 11.5^*

67.8 ± 11.7^#†

WC, cm

79.6 ± 9.2

84.3 ± 9.6^*

87.7 ± 9.3^#†

BSA, m2

1.62 ± 0.17

1.66 ± 0.18^*

1.69 ± 0.19^#†

BMI, kg/ m²

23.94 ± 3.49

25.39 ± 3.62^*

26.49 ± 3.65^#†

BMI ≥ 30 kg/ m², n (%)

237 (4.7%)

423 (9.5%)

131 (16.0%)^**

Current smoke, n (%)

1761 (35.3%)

1603 (35.9%)

231 (28.2%)^**

Current drinking, n (%)

1015 (20.3%)

1114 (25.0%)

177 (21.6%)^**

Heart rate, bmp

76.36 ± 11.66

77.95 ± 13.42^*

85.65 ± 14.99^#†

SBP, mmHg

123.70 ± 9.83

158.06 ± 18.97^*

162.11 ± 20.57^#†

DBP, mmHg

74.96 ± 7.37

88.75 ± 10.85^*

88.89 ± 11.60^#

TC, mmol/L

5.03 ± 1.00

5.39 ± 1.09^*

5.69 ± 1.24^#†

TG, mmol/L

1.39 ± 1.20

1.69 ± 1.29^*

2.59 ± 2.62^#†

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.76 ± 0.74

3.06 ± 0.84^*

3.23 ± 0.94^#†

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.40 ± 0.36

1.44 ± 0.41^*

1.32 ± 0.35^#†

FPG, mmol/L

5.42 ± 0.52

5.60 ± 0.56^*

9.30 ± 3.14^#†

PC, mg/dl

70.82 ± 12.24

72.89 ± 28.58^*

72.74 ± 19.16^#

Hemoglobin, g/dl

136.70 ± 19.56

140.46 ± 18.46^*

141.52 ± 16.23^#

UA, umol/L

280.38 ± 80.08

300.70 ± 86.40^*

302.26 ± 91.51^#

Antihypertensive medication, n (%)

0.00

1195 (26.8%)

330 (40.3%)^**

Antidiabetic medication, n (%)

0.00

0.00

312 (38.1%)^**