Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction by admission serum potassium concentration (n = 3347)
Admission SPC, mEq/l | p Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<3.5 (n = 249) | 3.5 - <4.0 (n = 1060) | 4.0 - <4.5 (n = 1406) | 4.5 - <5.0 (n = 498) | ≥5.0 (n = 134) | ||
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
Female, n (%) | 99 (39.8) | 276 (26.0) | 306 (21.8) | 103 (20.7) | 32 (23.9) | <0.0001 |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 60.1 ± 9.6 | 59.9 ± 9.9 | 59.6 ± 9.7 | 60.4 ± 9.8 | 61.1 ± 9.1 | 0.3156 |
Risk factors and co-morbidities, n (%) | ||||||
Angina pectoris | 31 (12.5) | 135 (12.7) | 196 (13.9) | 72 (14.5) | 23 (17.2) | 0.5858 |
Hypertension | 199 (79.9) | 813 (76.7) | 1033 (73.5) | 383 (76.9) | 111 (82.8) | 0.0278 |
Hyperlipidemia | 173 (69.5) | 737 (69.5) | 998 (71.0) | 336 (67.5) | 99 (73.9) | 0.5139 |
Stroke | 12 (4.8) | 56 (5.3) | 77 (5.5) | 29 (5.8) | 14 (10.5) | 0.1640 |
Diabetes mellitusa | 59 (23.8) | 273 (25.8) | 376 (26.7) | 172 (34.5) | 58 (43.3) | <0.0001 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Current smoker | 83 (33.3) | 404 (38.1) | 552 (39.3) | 203 (40.8) | 52 (38.8) | 0.0140 |
Ex-smoker | 71 (28.5) | 318 (30.0) | 423 (30.1) | 156 (31.3) | 55 (41.0) | |
Never-smoker | 95 (38.2) | 338 (31.9) | 431 (30.7) | 139 (27.9) | 55 (20.2) | |
Clinical characteristics, n (%) | ||||||
AMI typeb | ||||||
STEMI | 125 (50.4) | 489 (46.5) | 555 (39.8) | 187 (28.3) | 47 (35.3) | 0.0007 |
NSTEMI | 114 (46.0) | 516 (49.1) | 768 (55.1) | 267 (54.7) | 79 (59.4) | |
Bundle branch block | 9 (3.6) | 46 (4.4) | 70 (5.0) | 34 (7.0) | 7 (5.3) | |
LVEF <30%c | 16 (9.5) | 84 (10.9) | 104 (10.5) | 49 (13.7) | 13 (14.6) | 0.3453 |
Laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||||
Admission creatinine (mg/dl)d | 0.96 (0.8–1.2) | 0.97 (0.8–1.1) | 0.97 (0.8–1.1) | 1.01 (0.8–1.2) | 1.14 (1.0–1.5) | <0.0001 |
Admission hemoglobin (g/l)d | 141 (131–151) | 145 (136–155) | 146 (137–156) | 145 (135–154) | 145 (129–158) | 0.0079 |
Admission troponin-I (ng/ml)e | 0.32 (0.1–2.7) | 0.41 (0.1–3.2) | 0.66 (0.1–3.8) | 0.73 (0.2–5.9) | 1.21 (0.2–4.9) | <0.0001 |
Peak CK-MB (U/l) | 51 (15–122) | 48 (18–119) | 41 (16–105) | 38 (15–99) | 41 (15–84) | 0.0462 |
Admission glucose (mg/dl) | 143 (119–168) | 130 (112–162) | 126 (108–161) | 131 (112–179) | 152 (121–224) | <0.0001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)d | 76.2 (61.2–96.8) | 78.9 (66.2–94.0) | 80.4 (67.3–95.1) | 77.3 (61.1–91.7) | 65.8 (47.2–80.3) | <0.0001 |
eGFR <60 (ml/min/1.73m2), n (%)d | 29 (23.6) | 69 (14.2) | 96 (15.3) | 56 (23.5) | 24 (40.0) | <0.0001 |
In-hospital treatment, n (%) | ||||||
Coronary angiography | 237 (95.2) | 1002 (94.5) | 1331 (94.7) | 458 (92.0) | 120 (89.6) | 0.0306 |
PCIf | 170 (68.3) | 757 (71.4) | 970 (69.0) | 339 (68.1) | 84 (62.7) | 0.2392 |
CABG | 37 (14.9) | 153 (14.4) | 247 (17.6) | 87 (17.5) | 22 (16.4) | 0.2638 |
Thrombolysisg | 38 (18.9) | 137 (18.0) | 130 (14.0) | 46 (13.7) | 8 (9.2) | 0.0338 |
Any revascularization treatment | 212 (85.1) | 934 (88.1) | 1225 (87.1) | 427 (85.7) | 108 (80.6) | 0.1199 |
Medication at hospital discharge | ||||||
Antiplatelet agents | 236 (94.8) | 1028 (97.0) | 1357 (96.5) | 484 (97.2) | 128 (95.5) | 0.4053 |
Beta-blockers | 236 (94.8) | 1023 (96.5) | 1350 (96.0) | 474 (95.2) | 124 (92.5) | 0.1863 |
ACEIs/ARBs | 217 (87.2) | 883 (83.3) | 1151 (81.9) | 425 (85.3) | 108 (80.6) | 0.1436 |
Statins | 219 (88.0) | 949 (89.5) | 1263 (89.8) | 443 (89.0) | 115 (85.8) | 0.6086 |
All four EBMs | 176 (70.7) | 763 (72.0) | 1004 (71.4) | 364 (73.1) | 85 (63.4) | 0.2770 |
Diuretics | 147 (59.0) | 533 (50.3) | 643 (45.7) | 247 (49.6) | 86 (64.2) | <0.0001 |
Calcium channel blockers | 41 (16.5) | 120 (11.3) | 174 (12.4) | 51 (10.2) | 22 (16.4) | 0.0598 |
Nitrates | 3 (1.2) | 38 (3.6) | 61 (4.3) | 22 (4.4) | 8 (6.0) | 0.1066 |
Insulin | 19 (7.6) | 66 (6.2) | 128 (9.1) | 56 (11.2) | 27 (20.2) | <0.0001 |
Other antidiabetic agents | 11 (4.4) | 103 (9.7) | 149 (10.6) | 84 (16.9) | 23 (17.2) | <0.0001 |
Any In-hospital complicationsh, i, n (%) | 53 (21.5) | 162 (15.4) | 201 (14.4) | 89 (17.9) | 24 (18.3) | 0.0340 |