Study | Individuals randomized (n; PDE5i / Placebo) | Intervention | Inclusion criteria | Entry criteria | Male (%; PDE5i / Placebo) | Age (yrs; PDE5i / Placebo) | LVEF (%; PDE5i / Placebo) | mPAP (mmHg; PDE5i / Placebo) | PASP (mmHg; PDE5i / Placebo) | Follow-up duration (months) | Outcome measures | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drug | Dosage | NYHA | LVEF | ||||||||||
Webster LJ et al., 2004 [26] | 35/35 | Sildenafil | 50 mg qd | CHF (HFrEF) | II–III | - | 100/100 | 60 (total)a | 26 (total)a | - | - | 1.5 | International Index of Erectile Function |
Katz SD et al., 2005 [27] | 60/72 | Sildenafil | 25 / 50 / 100 mg | CHF (HFrEF) with ED | I–III | ≤40% | 100/100 | 60/60 | 33/30 | - | - | 3 | International Index of Erectile Function |
Guazzi M et al., 2007 [6] | 23/23 | Sildenafil | 50 mg bid | HFrEF | II–III | ≤45% | 100/100 | 62/63 | 30.6/31.9 | - | 34/32 | 6 | CPET, EchoCG, FMD |
Lewis GD et al., 2007 [5] | 17/17 | Sildenafil | 25 to 75 mg tid | HFrEF with PH | II–IV | <40% | 82/88 | 54/62 | 19/20 | 30/33 | - | 3 | CPET: peak VO 2 |
Behling A et al., 2008 | 11/8 | Sildenafil | 50 mg tid | HFrEF | I–III | ≤40% | 82/50 | 45/53 | 27/39 | - | 56/62 | 1 | CPET, EchoCG, FBF |
Lewis GD et al., 2008 [22] | 15/15 | Sildenafil | 25 to 75 mg tid | HFrEF with PHb | II–IV | <40% | 90 | 58 | 26/28 | 30/33 | - | 3 | CPET, Cardiac Cath, ventriculography |
Guazzi M et al., 2011 [11] | 23/22 | Sildenafil | 50 mg tid | HFrEF | II–III | <40% | 100/100 | 60/61 | 29.5/30.2 | - | 37/38 | 12 | EchoCG, CPET, BNP, QoL |
Guazzi M et al., 2012 [7] | 16/16 | Sildenafil | 50 mg tid | HFrEF with PH and EOB | III–IV | <45% | 100/100 | 66/68 | 29/28 | 35/34 | - | 12 | CPET, Cardiac Cath |
Amin A et al., 2013 [8] | 53/53 | Sildenafil | 25 mg bid for first 2 weeks; 50 mg tid for next 10 weeks | HFrEF | II–III | <35% | 72/75 | 51/51 | - | - | - | 3 | BP, NYHA, 6MWD |
Kim KH et al., 2015 [9] | 21/20 | Udenafil | 50 mg bid for first 4 weeks; 100 mg bid for next 8 weeks | HFrEF | II–IV | ≤40% | 76/60 | 62/65 | 30/29 | - | 41/43 | 3 | EchoCG, CPET |
Guazzi M et al., 2011 [12] | 22/22 | Sildenafil | 50 mg tid | HFpEF with PH | II–IV | ≥50% | 77/82 | 72/73 | 60/60 | 39/37 | 55/52 | 12 | EchoCG, Cardiac Cath, QoL |
Redfield MM et al., 2013 [13] | 113/103 | Sildenafil | 20 mg tid for first 12 weeks; 60 mg tid for next 12 weeks | HFpEF (RELAX trial) | II–IV | ≥50% | 57/47 | 68/69 | 60/60 | - | 41/41 | 6 | EchoCG, CMRI, CPET, 6MWD |
Borlaug BA et al., 2015 [14] | 23/25 | Sildenafil | 20 mg tid for first 12 weeks; 60 mg tid for next 12 weeks | HFpEF (RELAX trial)c | II–IV | ≥50% | 39/44 | 69/71 | 60/60 | - | 28/30 | 6 | EchoCG, CMRI, CPET, 6MWD, Radial applanation tonometry |
Hoendermis ES et al., 2015 [15] | 21/22 | Sildenafil | 20 mg tid for first 2 weeks; 60 mg tid for next 10 weeks | HFpEF with PH | II–III | ≥45% | 23/35 | 72/76 | 58/58 | 35/35 | 52/51 | 3 | Cardiac Cath, CPET, EchoCG |
Andersen MJ et al., 2013 [23] | 35/35 | Sildenafil | 40 mg tid | Diastolic dysfunction after MI | - | ≥45% | 89/86 | 63/62 | 55/56 | 19/20 | 26/27 | 2 | EchoCG, Cardiac cath, CPET, 6MWT |