A retrospective cohort study on the risk of stroke in relation to a priori health knowledge level among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan

Table 2 Results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of incident stroke risk among people with diabetes

Characteristics	HR	95% CI	P-value
Health knowledge^a
Low (0)	1
Moderate (1–3)	0.63	0.33–1.19	0.15
High (4–15)	0.43	0.22–0.86	0.02
Age	1.04	1.00–1.07	0.04
Sex	0.81	0.42–1.58	0.54
Smoking status
Never	1
Current	2.24	1.13–4.44	0.02
Former	0.92	0.25–3.34	0.90
Comorbidities
Hypertension
No	1
Yes	0.96	0.50–1.85	0.91
Hyperlipidemia
No	1
Yes	1.88	1.00–3.55	0.05
Atrial fibrillation
No	1
Yes	3.61	1.28–10.20	0.02
Coronary artery disease
No	1
Yes	1.16	0.67–2.01	0.60
Congestive heart failure
No	1
Yes	1.61	0.75–3.45	0.22

Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
^aThe dose–response relationship of health knowledge and incident stroke was evaluated by the trend test (AHR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47–0.93; P for trend = 0.02)

ISSN: 1471-2261