Table 1 Characteristics of included trials
Trial | Method | Participants | Intervention | Outcome | Duration(months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BEAUTIFUL 2008 | Randomized controlled Trial | 10,917(5479 assigned to ivabradine and 5438 assigned to placebo) eligible patients who had coronary artery disease and a LVEF of less than 40% | Ivabradine 5–7.5 mg bid | Cardiovascular death or admission to hospital for myocardial infarction or new-onset or worsening heart failure | 19 |
SHIFT 2010 | Randomized controlled Trial | 6558 patients with symptomatic heart failure and LVEF of 35% or lower, heart rate of 70 bpm or higher (3268 assigned to ivabradine;3290 assigned to placebo group) | Ivabradine 7.5 mg bid | Cardiovascular death or hospital admission for worsening heart failure | 22 |
SIGNIFY 2014 | Randomized controlled trial | 19,102 patients(9550 assigned to ivabradine and 9552 assigned to placebo) who had both stable coronary artery disease without clinical heart failure, a heart rate of 70 bpm or more and LVEF of ≥40% | Ivabradine 7.5 mg bid | Death from cardiovascular causes or nonfatal myocardial infarction | 27.8 |