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Table 1 Characteristics (Mean ± Standard deviation) of the study participants stratified by the cumulative systolic blood pressure

From: Time-cumulated blood pressure exposure and incident impairment of glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus

Variables

Total population (n = 38,804)

Group 1 (n = 15,339)

Group 2 (n = 7214)

Group 3 (n = 5675)

Group 4 (n = 10,576)

P-value

Cumulative Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg x year)

 

<480

≥480 and <520

≥520 and <560

≥560

 

Men (n)

29,129 (75.1%)

10,461 (68.2%)

5813 (80.6%)

4528 (79.8%)

8327 (78.7%)

<0.001

Age (Years)

47.82 ± 11.70

41.96 ± 9.75

46.54 ± 10.38

50.16 ± 10.64

55.94 ± 10.51

<0.001

Heart Rate (Beats/min)

73.03 ± 9.69

72.46 ± 9.16

73.26 ± 9.64

73.26 ± 9.86

73.58 ± 10.32

<0.001

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

126.9 ± 19.3

115.1 ± 12.7

125.4 ± 13.7

130.9 ± 15.9

143.1 ± 19.8

<0.001

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

82.1 ± 11.2

76.4 ± 8.8

82.1 ± 9.4

84.4 ± 10.3

88.9 ± 11.7

<0.001

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

24.89 ± 3.42

24.08 ± 3.31

25.06 ± 3.34

25.35 ± 3.39

25.71 ± 3.39

<0.001

Fasting Serum Concentration of Glucose (mmol/L)

5.01 ± 0.65

4.96 ± 0.62

5.05 ± 0.65

5.04 ± 0.66

5.02 ± 0.68

<0.001

Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.89 ± 1.11

4.75 ± 1.05

4.87 ± 1.15

4.96 ± 1.14

5.07 ± 1.14

<0.001

High-Density Lipoproteins (mmol/L)

1.55 ± 0.39

1.54 ± 0.37

1.54 ± 0.38

1.57 ± 0.42

1.57 ± 0.42

<0.001

Low-Density Lipoproteins (mmol/L)

2.29 ± 0.89

2.26 ± 0.82

2.33 ± 0.86

2.30 ± 0.91

2.30 ± 1.01

<0.001

Uric Acid Concentration (μmol/L)

284.7 ± 82.1

270.6 ± 77.3

284.0 ± 79.6

288.5 ± 81.3

303.3 ± 86.8

<0.001

Triglycerides (Median (Q1,Q3))

1.23 (0.86, 1.84)

1.12 (0.78, 1.63)

1.26 (0.89, 1.89)

1.31 (0.93, 1.98)

1.35 (0.96, 2.02)

<0.001

High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (Median (Q1,Q3))

0.70 (0.27, 1.96)

0.60 (0.20, 1.50)

0.69 (0.25, 1.90)

0.70 (0.30, 2.02)

0.96 (0.38, 2.60)

<0.001

Smoking (n)

11,616 (29.9%)

4423 (28.8%)

2359 (32.7%)

1772 (31.2%)

3062 (29.0%)

<0.001

Drinking (n)

6608 (17.0%)

1986 (12.9%)

1323 (18.3%)

1076 (19.0%)

2223 (21.0%)

<0.001

Exercise (n)

5212 (13.4%)

1244 (8.1%)

779 (10.8%)

831 (14.6%)

2358 (22.3%)

<0.001

Pressure-lowering drugs (n)

3211 (8.3%)

226 (1.5%)

292 (4.0%)

464 (8.2%)

2229 (21.1%)

<0.001

Education: Illiteracy / Primary (n)

2655 (6.8%)

473 (3.1%)

404 (5.6%)

426 (7.5%)

1352 (12.8%)

<0.001

Junior High School (n)

26,706 (68.8%)

10,294 (67.1%)

5093 (70.6%)

4083 (71.9%)

7236 (68.4%)

High School (n)

6264 (16.1%)

2864 (18.7%)

1158 (16.1%)

818 (14.4%)

1424 (13.5%)

College or Higher (n)

3179 (8.2%)

1708 (11.1%)

559 (7.7%)

348 (6.1%)

564 (5.3%)